可变速率声码器的性能研究

主要介绍了Q4401可变速率声码器的工作原理和各种功能，PCM接口和CPU接口、初始化过程及命令格式等，并设计了一种典型的应用实例。实验证明该声码器将语音信号压缩至4-9.6kbit/s范围时，可达到普通电话的通话效果。     

低速率语音编解码声码器的实现

基于编码速率600bps的SELP语音算法，提出一种新的语音编解码芯片,电路设计时满足算法复杂度高、运算量大的需求，从而使声码器在极低的速率下更高效地工作，获得更好的语音重建质量．同时，声码器在设计时采用了可重构的思想，对于其他定点语音算法，只需要将算法程序注入到程序存储区就能实现多种算法在同一款芯片的重构。     

2.4kbps混合激励LPC声码器算法及其实现

2.4kbps LPC声码器在窄带数字保密通信、卫星VSAT及ISDN中均有广泛的应用前景。传统的LPC声码器可以合成较高可懂度和一定自然度的话音,但其质量尚不令人满意。其主要原因是采用了过于简化的二元激励模型。本文从提高LPC声码器的质量出发,研究了采用混合激励的LPC声码器算法——M—LPC算法。与传统LPC的算法相比,M—LPC算法在激励源、基音检测及合成等方面都作了改进。计算机模拟结果表明,M—LPC算法可合成高质量的话音。本算法已采用TMS 320C25实时实现。主观试听结果表明,2.4kbps M-LPC声码器的质量令人满意。     

高质量多速率声码器研制成功

声码器是实现语音信号数字化存储和传输的关键部件,降低编码速率和提高话音质量是声码器研究的目标。目前,16kbit/s以上速率的声码器质量已达到长话质量,当前声码器的研究重点是8kbit/s以下高质量、低速率、短时延的多速率声码器,以满足多种应用场合的需要。一种采用CS-ACELP、ACELP、CELP、MELP、IMBE等多种先进的语音编码技术,集1.2、2.4、4.8、5.3、6.3、8kbit/s等速率于一体,符合G.729/G.729A/G.729B、G.723.1、美国FIPS等语音编码标准的多速率、多功能、高质量声码器最近由解放军理工大学通信工程学院研制成功。该声码器…     

多带激励语音压缩算法的仿真实现

作者从语音信号的多带激励模型出发，对ＭＢＥ语音压缩算法的原理作了详细的指出了它相对于传统ＬＰＣ等算法的优越性，并在计算机上进行仿真实验，给出了实验结果。作者最后就合成语音的质量，算法复杂度等方面，对ＭＢＥ声码器和部分常用标准语音压缩编码方案作了比较，也指出了今后所要研究的方向。     

一种低码率声码器系统的设计及实现

在简单介绍Ｇ．７２３．１编解码算法及语音编解码协处理器ＣＴ８０２０后,给出了一种低码率声码器系统的硬件和软件设计及实现方法,着重讨论了该应用系统设计中有关语音数据同步传输等问题的主要处理方法。     

2.4 kb/s MELP算法设计

提出了一种新的工作于低极码率下的混合激励线性预测（ＭＥＬＰ）声码器。该声码器结合了线性预测编码（ＬＰＣ）和多带激励编码算法的优点,对算法和量化方案重新进行了设计和改造,其主要特征包括改进的基音检测算法、混合的周期脉冲和随机噪声激励,有效的线性谱频率（ＬＰＦ）参数量化以及激励谱形状表示,非正式主观测试表明,由采用本算法的一个２．４ｋｂ／ｓ编码器所重建的语音质量略优于美国联邦标准４．８ｋｂ／ｓ码激励性     

基于算子的ASIP声码器设计与实现

在数字语音通信的声码器设计中,针对体系结构优化、指令集生成等问题,提出了一种基于算子的ASIP声码器设计方式,对其设计关键技术进行了讨论,并通过一个基于SELP算法的声码器设计实例与仿真结果加以验证,该声码器在20 MHz主频下完成0.6 kbps的SELP算法的平均功耗为200 mW,完成编解码的运算复杂度为12.5 MIPS.     

基于MELPe模型的600 BPS声码器算法设计

在增强型混和激励线性预测(MELPe)模型的基础上,提出了一种高音质的600 bps声码器算法。保持MELPe算法特征的同时,利用帧间参数冗余,进行多帧联合量化;运用基于预测的分级矢量量化(PMSVQ)算法对线谱频率(LSF)参数进行量化。在非正式的主观语音质量测试中,合成语音质量优于传统的LPC10e声码器,接近2 400 bpsMELP标准的合成语音。     

一种短波通信中基于DSP的低速率语音编码技术

介绍了一种应用在短波通信中的码率为1．5Kbps低速率语音编码算法，此算法基于MELP（mixed excitation linearp rediction）混合激励线性预测语音编码算法的声码器模型，并对算法进行改进，降低复杂度和速率，在DSP芯片的硬件系统中实时运行了该算法，最后给出了算法测试仿真结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.