甜瓜枯萎病原菌的微生物学特性及其在植株体内分布

2003年于福州永泰采集甜瓜枯萎病病株,病原菌经鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum),在甜瓜健株、病株体内均有分布.菌量分布依次为根茎部含量最大,茎蔓中部次之,茎蔓顶部最少.不同发病级别植株体内的平均含菌量测定结果表明:发病级别为2级的植株体内的菌量最大,为10.75×104cfu/g鲜质量,其次为发病级别为3级和1级的植株,含菌量分别为8.90×104cfu/g鲜质量和8.63×104cfu/g鲜质量;健株中的含菌量最少,仅为0.08×104cfu/g鲜质量.该尖孢镰刀菌菌丝体生长的适宜温度为25±1℃,pH为7.     

枯萎病原菌在黄瓜组培苗体内侵染特性的研究

采用黄瓜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌菌株F H.6.5 030318 J2接种黄瓜组培苗,研究该病原菌在植株体内侵染特性,结果表明:黄瓜枯萎病菌侵染植株是通过菌丝体在植株体内不断扩展,菌丝体可同时朝下与朝上扩展,接种4d菌丝体已到达根部组织,但从茎顶部组织未分离到病原菌;接种7d时菌丝体已到达植株茎杆各个部位.     

枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的RAPD-PCR多态性分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD PCR),对采自我省不同地区、不同寄主和同一寄主不同植株的瓜类枯萎病原菌尖孢镰刀菌进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到6个多态性随机引物,共产生了72条RAPD带,其中86.11%具有多态性;通过聚类分析,将供试菌株分为4个RAPD组,确定了菌株间的亲缘关系,为瓜类枯萎病原菌尖孢镰刀菌的分类提供有利的分子证据.     

草果病害的初步研究

本文对草果真菌以及细菌病害作了初步调查分析。于不同季节从病株的枝、叶、花、果上取样分离、培养和鉴定,发现在草果植株上的真菌有19个属,均为半知菌类,但以茎点霉属的茎点霉菌和镰刀菌属的镰刀菌造成危害较明显。回接表明,镰刀菌属的冬3-8号是病原菌。发现感染草果的细菌有假单胞菌属和欧文氏菌属。主要导致花腐,但其危害面不及真菌类。     

豇豆枯萎病病原分离鉴定

通过采集武汉市豇豆种植区豇豆枯萎病病株,经常规组织分离法分离纯化获得菌株JKW-1、JKW-2和JKW-3,并对3个菌株进行致病性测定、形态学及分子生物学鉴定.结果表明,3个菌株均为致病的镰刀菌,其中菌株JKW-1和JKW-2菌落色泽为紫红色,JKW-3菌落色泽为白色,均能产生大型分生孢子、小型分生孢子和厚垣孢子,但在菌落形态、产孢量、分生孢子大小等方面存在差异;对这3个菌株的核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,并在GenBank中进行Blast搜索和比对分析,根据rDNA-ITS序列分析结果结合豇豆病株症状和病菌的形态学特征,判定引起武汉市豇豆枯萎病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.).     

不同寄主尖孢镰刀菌同工酶异质性的研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了来自不同寄主枯萎病原菌尖孢镰刀菌过氧化物酶同工酶(POD)和酯酶同工酶(EST).结果表明,过氧化物酶同工酶共有3条主酶带,其迁移率分别为:Rf=0.08,Rf=0.20和Rf=0.4.但不同寄主的尖孢镰刀菌POD同工酶存在着明显的差别,来源于花生的尖孢镰刀菌只有2条POD同工酶酶带,其迁移率为:Rf=0.20和Rf=0.08;来源于甜瓜的尖孢镰刀菌只有1条POD同工酶酶带,其迁移率为:Rf=0.20;来源于不同寄主的镰刀菌的EST同工酶谱之间也存在着较大的差别.来源于黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜的镰刀菌的EST酶谱较为相似,都具有Rf=0.018,Rf=0.114和Rf=1.000的3条酶带,其它寄主来源的镰刀菌的EST酶谱间互相则存在着很大的差别.但这些菌株基本上都存在着Rf为0.018和1.000的2条酯酶同工酶酶带.     

木姜子乙醇提取物抑菌活性研究

采用生长速率法在室内测定了木姜子乙醇提取物对燕麦镰刀菌、烟草赤星病菌、石榴枯萎病菌3种植物病原菌的抑制活性.结果表明,植物提取物对3种植物病原菌都有显著的抑制作用,木姜子作为植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究.     

温度对几种作物尖孢镰刀菌菌株生长的影响

不同温度对几种作物枯萎病原菌生长影响的试验结果表明:在15～25℃范围内,甜瓜、西瓜、网纹甜瓜、黄瓜、甜椒、花生和豇豆7个寄主的枯萎病原菌菌株生长速度随温度的升高而增大,生长适宜温度为20～30℃,25±1℃时生长最快,25～30℃温度下,生长速度减缓;辣椒枯萎病原与以上的病原生长特性不同,辣椒枯萎病原菌菌株F L.6.5 030710 1在15～35℃温度范围内一直呈增长趋势;25±1℃,菌株的生长过程分3个阶段:0～24h为生长初期,菌株的生长速度缓慢;24～72h为生长中期,菌落直径迅速扩大;72～120h为生长后期,菌株的生长速度变慢.     

水稻内生真菌类群分析及其颉抗病原菌活性研究

采用常规方法对广东省番禺和五山两地种植的水稻内生真菌进行分离、鉴定和比较分析,结果表明两地水稻内生真菌的优势菌群为镰刀菌Fusarium spp..同一地区从感病品种和生长不良水稻植株中分离出内生真菌种类相对丰富.水稻根和茎叶中分离出内生真菌的种类有差异,叶片中内生真菌的多样性高于根部,一些内生真菌的分布呈现出器官特异性.通过平板颉抗试验,发现分离到的内生真菌中有41.2%表现出不同程度的抗水稻病原菌活性,其中镰刀菌Fusarium spp.的比例最大.一些内生真菌的抗病原菌活性与产生铁载体有关.     

十堰辣椒根腐病病原菌分离鉴定及高氏15号的生物防治作用研究

为明确辣椒根腐病病原,从田间采集分离、纯化、鉴定、柯赫氏法则验证病原菌,并开展高氏15号生物菌剂对辣椒根腐病的防治效果和促生作用研究.结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定(ITS、EF-1a、IGS基因序列比对及进化树分析)发现,引起该地区辣椒根腐病的病原物为茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani).柯赫氏法则完成了辣椒根腐病的回接鉴定试验.田间防效和促生结果显示,多粘类芽孢杆菌在240 g/667 m2,高氏15号菌剂在50 g/穴和75 g/穴,甲霜·恶霉灵1 500倍液防治辣椒根腐病效果最好,均达到70%以上.经试验处理的株高、根长、整株鲜重、根鲜重和根干重和空白对照相比有显著差异性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-