甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应中Cu－ZrO_2／SiO_2催化剂的特性

考察了常压和２７０℃时甲醇催化脱氢制取甲酸甲酯反应中Ｃｕ－ＺｒＯ２／Ｓｉ４和Ｃｕ－ＺｒＯ／ＳｉＯ４催化剂的活性和选择性，并对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，Ｃｕ－ＺｒＯ／ＳｉＯ４催化剂的反应性能优于Ｃｕ－ＺｒＯ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂．Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，零价铜是催化活性中心．差热分析表明，ＺｒＯ２的加入缓和了Ｃｕ（ＮＯ３）２的热分解过程．程序升温还原实验表明，加入ＺｒＯ２后，降低了ＣｕＯ的还原温度．根据上述实验结果，解释了ＺｒＯ２的助催化作用．     

CeO2对CuO／γ—Al2O3,CuO／α—Al2O3催化剂的还原性能和CO …

本文以ＣＯ氧化模式反应考察ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣｕＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的氧化活性,运用ＴＰＲ技术研究了催化剂的还原性能,结果表明,ＣｅＯ２能提高Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载ＣｕＯ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性,抑制ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ３尖晶石的形成,改善催化剂的热稳定性。     

甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应中Cu—ZrO2／SiO2催化剂的特性

考察了常压和２７０℃时甲醇催化脱氢制取甲酸甲酯反应中Ｃｕ－ＺｒＯ２／ＳｉＯ２和Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的活性和选择性，并对催化剂进行了表征。     

铜基甲醇合成催化剂的EPR表征

用ＥＰＲ谱法对铜基甲醇合成催化剂作表征。结果表明：在少量Ａｌ￣（３＋）掺杂的ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３体系可检测到ｇ＝１．９６０６±０．０００２，△Ｈｐｐ＝２．８Ｇ的顺磁信号，其强度随Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３掺杂量增加而增强，当Ａｌ／Ｚｎ～２／１００（原子比）时趋于峰值；而在三组份Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３和四组份Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｓｃ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂体系中，此顺磁信号基本消失。以上结果为三价金属离子（Ａｌ￣（３＋）、Ｓｃ￣（３＋））在ＺｎＯ晶格掺杂诱生正一价缺位从而有利于Ｃｕ以＋１价态存在的观点，提供了新证据。     

Cu—Mn—Pt／γ—Al2O3系列催化剂中组分间的活性增强效应

通过ＣＯ氧化活性测试，采用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ等方法表征，研究了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｐｔ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３系列催化剂中组分间的活性增强效应，并对其固相结构和表面组成进行表征．结果表明：（１）氧化型ＣｕＭｎ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂中Ｃｕ和Ｍｎ之间存在一定的活性增强效应，两种活性组分发生协同作用；（２）还原型Ｐｔ－Ｃｕ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的氧化活性在系列中最高，Ｐｔ－Ｍｎ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的ＣＯ氧化活性增强效应最为显著．这与加人Ｐｔ后，Ｃｕ２＋易被还原，Ｃｕ＋明显增多有关；（３）同时含有Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ组分的几种催化剂中，催化剂表面上Ｃｕ均有一定富集，加人Ｐｔ后，表相以Ｃｕ＋为主．由于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｐｔ三元催化剂的制备方法不同，以致氧化活性相差很大，共浸制备较分浸制备的催化剂活性要好的多．     

甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应中Cu－ZnO－ZrO_2／SiO_2催化剂的特性

Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２／ＳｉＯ２催化剂对甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯的反应具有良好的活性和选择性．应用连续微反、差示热分析、Ｘ射线衍射、程序升温还原、Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析和红外光谱等技术，对该催化剂的活性中心本质、ＺｎＯ及ＺｒＯ２的助催化作用、可能的反应机理以及催化剂的失活原因进行了探讨．     

甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应中Cu—ZnO—ZrO2／SiO2催化剂的特性

Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２／ＳｉＯ２催化剂对，甲醇催化脱氢制甲酸甲酯的反应具有良好的活性和选择性。应用连续微反、差示热分析、Ｘ射线衍射、程序升温还原、Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析和红外光谱等技术，对该催化剂的活性中心本质、ＺｎＯ及ＺｒＯ２的助催化作用、可能的反应机理以及催化剂的失活原因进行了探讨。     

去除难降解有机废水COD用高效从相催化剂的研究

以超细γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为载体,制备去除有机废ＣＯＤ用高效超细γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＣｕＯ催化剂,采用ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ对粒子形态进行表征,以水溶性偶氮染料活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ为处理对象,采用不同载体制备催化剂,考察其催化效率,结果表明超细γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＣｕＯ催化剂的效率最高。     

原位合金化和原位颗粒共同强化铝基复合材料的微观组织

制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ－Ｃｕ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ原位复合材料,采用ＳＥＭ观察显微组织,ＸＲＤ分 析物相,ＥＤＳ分析相所含元素．初步结果表明,原位合金化和原位颗粒共同强化金属基体是可 行的,合金元素Ｃｕ和Ｓｉ出现在基体中,细小增强颗粒Ａｌ２Ｏ３呈弥散分布．     

Cu—ZSM—5上NO催化分解的研究

考究了不同温度及不同空速条件下,Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５、Ｃｕ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３及Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２等催化剂上ＮＯ直接分解的性能,并采用ＸＲＤ,ＴＰＲ及ＳＥＭ等手段对催化剂进行表征,将表征结果与催化剂活性相关联,探讨了Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂活性较高的原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-