磁悬浮系统的模糊PID控制器设计

基于GML1001磁悬浮实验装置设计了一个模糊PID控制器.该控制器利用传统的PID控制器和模糊控制器相结合形成,能根据系统偏差的大小、方向以及变化趋势等特征,依据模糊规则库做出模糊推理,能自动调整PID参数,可达到更加满意的控制效果.利用设计的模糊自适应PID控制器,对磁悬浮控制系统中钢球的悬浮位置实现了精确的控制.实验结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制器可以使磁悬浮控制系统拥有较好的稳态和动态性能.     

一种过程模型参数的离散闭环辨识方法

本文针对计算机采样控制系统,提出了一种过程模型参数的闭环辨识方法,并直接在离散域中推导出其辨识估计算法,由于设计控制器所用的对象参数估计值的不准确,将使系统的实际输出与期望输出之间产生偏差,利用该偏差,本方法实现了对象参数的闭环辨识。     

基于视觉的智能车辆模糊滑模横向控制

以采用视觉导航的智能车DLUIV-1为对象,对智能车辆的横向控制方法开展研究.首先,建立基于视觉预瞄距离的车辆横向控制系统模型,利用包含速度等因素在内的预瞄运动学模型确定车辆的横向偏差和方位偏差.其次,针对横向控制的特点,提出了模糊和滑模相结合的智能车辆横向控制策略,综合考虑车辆当前的横向偏差和方位偏差,将二者融合后的综合偏差作为滑模切换函数的参数来设计滑模面,将滑模切换函数作为控制目标,利用模糊控制规则调整控制变量的大小来确保存在和到达条件成立,保证方向盘转动的稳定性.仿真结果表明该横向控制器能够保证智能车辆准确而且稳定地跟踪参考路径,且对模型参数的变化具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于变结构控制的卫星姿态轨道一体化控制方法

针对导航卫星四斜装化学推进姿态轨道一体化控制系统,设计了两级脉冲的变结构相平面分区的姿态控制器.本文建立了相平面控制器的模型,给出了时频域下参数变化趋势的稳定性分析.创造性地将该控制系统建立为变结构控制模型,根据现代控制理论给出了系统得以稳定条件下的参数下界.通过控制器参数设计,有效地降低了开关线处的震颤,保证了控制系统的稳定,提高了轨道控制效率,并就挠性卫星推力器在最恶劣的安装偏差情况下进行了数学仿真.最终,通过卫星在轨姿态控制良好的表现,充分验证了姿态控制算法设计的正确性、有效性和鲁棒性.     

带修正因子模糊PID控制的PMSM交流伺服系统

为了克服永磁同步电机(PM SM)伺服系统的非线性和不确定性因素的影响,提高伺服系统的控制精度和性能特性,提出了带修正因子的模糊比例、积分和微分(PID)控制。它是集PID控制和模糊控制的优点于一体的控制系统,根据转速偏差来决定速度控制器采用模糊控制算法还是PID控制算法,并且根据控制系统的转速偏差和速度误差率,利用修正因子对模糊控制器的参数进行在线修改。仿真结果表明:带修正因子的模糊-PID控制优化了系统的动静态特性,满足系统的高性能要求,验证了该控制策略的优越性和可靠性。     

模糊神经网络在电阻炉温度控制系统中应用

针对电阻炉具有时变,分布参数的非线性特性,将模糊神经网络控制应用于电阻炉温度控制系统.该控制器自适应能力强,利用系统偏差和神经网络辨识模型的输出对模糊神经网络控制器的参数通过一种改进的BP算法进行在线调节,达到对电阻炉温度的实时控制.仿真结果表明模糊神经网络控制器具有良好的控制效果,优于一般PID控制.     

参数在线自校正控制器在生活水泵站中的应用

以生活水站控制为背景,讨论了一种在线式参数自校正控制器。该控制器在控制过程中根据不同的偏差值对控制器参数进行校正,具有控制灵活、响应速度快、超调量小和稳态精度高的优点;实践证明:该控制器对生活用水调节具有良好的适应能力,当对象参数变化大时仍能有较好的控制效果。     

基于模糊自适应PID的无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪控制

在无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪控制过程中,针对控制对象发生变化时传统PID控制器难以对其控制参数进行实时调整的问题,提出一种以预瞄理论为基础的模糊自适应PID控制方法.以前轮转角作为控制系统的输入,设计基于横向偏差和航向偏差的模糊自适应PID路径跟踪控制器.分析量化因子和比例因子的选取原则,利用模糊理论对PID参数进行自适应调整;基于Carsim与Simulink对所提算法进行联合仿真实验.仿真结果表明:模糊自适应PID较传统PID改善了控制器的动态性能且具有较好的自适应能力.     

基于免疫调节机制的参数自整定模糊控制器设计

为进一步解决常规模糊控制算法存在的控制器参数不能在线调整、稳态精度较低等问题,提出一种基于免疫系统调节机制的参数自整定模糊控制算法。该算法在动态调节阶段借鉴生物免疫系统调的T细胞反馈调节机制来整定控制器参数,以获得较优的控制系统动态性能;稳态调节阶段利用免疫系统抗原提呈原理,将控制偏差视为抗原并进行非线性处理,同时微调控制器参数以提高模糊控制器的灵敏度,从而克服常规模糊控制器稳态精度不高的缺陷。为检验免疫模糊自整定控制算法的控制效果,将改进后的算法应用于生物反应器的非线性温度控制对象。研究结果表明:相比于常规模糊控制算法和PID算法,免疫模糊自整定控制算法具有较好的控制效果和较强的抗干扰能力。     

模糊控制器在温度控制系统中的应用

针对温度控制系统被控对象中普遍存在的大惯性、纯滞后的实际情况,采用把模糊控制与PID控制方式相结合的控制策略,设计了温度模糊控制系统.同时,设计时考虑到温度控制系统升温时一般温度偏差负值较小,因此模糊控制器误差的论域采用了正负不对称取法,以简化控制规则和控制器.仿真与实验结果表明,该控制方法很好地改善了系统的动态特性,提高了稳态精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-