路面铣刨机铣削阻力及其参数影响规律分析

通过对路面铣刨机铣削装置的工作方式、工作原理、刀具布置和铣削运动的理论分析，建立了刀具铣削受力计算的数学模型．利用该数学模型，计算出在铣削过程中刀具处于最大铣削深度时的铣削受力，分析刀具运动参数和几何参数与铣削受力之间的关系，并运用计算机仿真，得出给定条件下刀具参数对刀具铣削受力的影响规律．     

涂层刀具铣削粉末冶金镍基高温合金试验研究

采用涂层硬质合金刀具进行了粉末冶金镍基高温合金的铣削刀具磨损试验,并运用扫描电镜和能谱分析技术分析了刀具的磨、破损形态和磨损机理.采用多因素正交试验对粉末冶金镍基高温合金的铣削力、刀具寿命进行研究,使用最小二乘法等方法和回归分析建立了铣削力、刀具寿命的经验模型.利用等寿命-效率响应曲面法,对干铣粉末冶金镍基高温合金的切削参数进行了优化.结果表明:粘结磨损和磨粒磨损是主要的磨损机理;在不同的切削速度下刀具失效形式不同;建立的铣削力及刀具寿命经验模型高度显著,进给量对铣削力和刀具寿命的影响显著;干铣加工粉末冶金镍基高温合金理想的切削用量为切削速度40~60m/min、轴向切削深度0.15~0.20mm、径向切削深度10~20mm、每齿进给量0.08~0.10mm.     

立铣刀切削力模型的时域特性研究

根据铣刀刀齿渐进磨损过程中切削力信号的变化特点,分析了x和y方向瞬时切削力、每转平均切削力与刀齿后刀面磨损带面积间模型的时域统计特性,提取了反映刀具磨损状态的时域统计特征参数;并根据所设计的实验方案进行了相关的实验研究.     

微铣削力在高速微尺度加工中的实验研究与分析

对微铣削过程中微铣刀刀刃受到的微铣削力进行测量,并研究其特性和变化规律.从理论角度对螺旋立铣刀的受力机理进行重点分析.借助现有的微铣削实验平台,选择典型的工件材料并设计相应的实验方法.对加工不同材料工件的刀具所受到的微铣削力进行分析,获得了微铣削力的特征和变化规律.实验结果表明:刀具受到的微铣削力随着微铣削参量的变化而变化,其变化规律与加工工件的材料性能密切相关.微铣刀刃径、每齿进给量、轴向铣削深度和材料的晶粒尺寸是引起尺寸效应的主要因素.     

基于蒙特卡洛法的铣削让刀误差概率分布预测

基于斜角切削理论,建立铣削力计算模型,求解得到铣削力.构建薄板受力变形的挠度函数,结合刀具的受力变形求解刀具-工件耦合变形的铣削让刀误差.采用神经网络拟合方法,求出输入铣削参数与输出最大让刀误差的函数关系.考虑刀具参数、材料参数、工件参数以及加工工况等随机参数对金属切削的影响,利用蒙特卡洛方法,对输入参数进行抽样,将参数样本代入神经网络拟合的函数模型中,获得铣削让刀误差样本,并分析其概率特性,从而提出一种铣削让刀误差的概率分布预测方法,较确定性计算铣削让刀误差的方法更加符合实际.     

立铣刀切削力模型的时域特性研究

根据铣刀刀齿渐进磨缶过程中切削力信号的变化特点,分析了ｘ和ｙ方向瞬时切削力,每转平均切削力与刀齿后磨损带面积间模型的时域统计特性,提取了反映刀具磨损状态的时域统计特征参数;并根据所设计的实验方案进行了相关的实验研究。     

硬齿面刮削铣刀盘切削应力应变有限元分析

利用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS，对弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮硬齿面刮削铣刀盘切削进行了应力应变的有限元分析，通过铣刀盘在各种改变参数条件下的应力分布图和变形图，预知刀盘切削时的应力应变大小及分布形式，优化出刀具切削时受力状况良好的刀具几何参数，进—步了解刀具几何参数对刀具强度、刚度等的影响规律，从刀具力学的角度找出刮削刀头易崩刃破损的结构因素。     

超密齿面铣刀的铣削力波动特性及其影响

提出了一种超密齿面铣刀概念,并推导了x和y方向的铣削力计算模型,分析了超密齿刀具铣削力及其波动规律.结果显示:随刀具的转动铣削力呈锯齿状变化,x向铣削力波动呈现两个山峰状,在三齿同时参与切削时波动最小.y向铣削力波动随初始切入角的增大先增大后减小,对比发现超密齿刀具铣削力波动远小于疏齿刀具.提出用单位体积材料所需切向铣削力大小来评价超密齿刀具和疏齿刀具性能.通过超密齿面铣刀的铣削实验验证了铣削力计算模型,并发现铣削力波动是影响工件表面粗糙度的因素之一,同时也反映出超密齿刀具的加工优越性.     

PDC磨损齿切削破岩过程的实验研究

为探究深部钻井PDC钻头切削齿在磨损状态下的切削破岩过程,选取深部钻井PDC钻头上不同磨损程度的PDC齿开展单齿切削实验,借助应力测试系统、高速摄影机和热红外成像仪分析磨损齿的受力状态、温度变化规律以及岩石裂纹扩展过程。结果表明,与未磨损齿相比,磨损齿所受切削力更大、温度变化更明显,且更易产生大体积岩屑,这将导致钻头在井下振动加剧,磨损急剧加快,严重影响其使用寿命;切削花岗岩时切削力和温度大幅上升的问题更加突出,但更容易发生体积破碎,产生较大块的块状岩屑。研究成果将有助于重新认识真实井底磨损齿切削破岩及温度变化规律,并为钻头设计及井下寿命评估提供重要参考。     

软硬不均地层对盾构刀盘受力计算方法与分析

盾构掘进软硬不均地层过程中刀盘承受偏载、应力集中等非均布荷载,引起刀盘局部损伤、刀具异常磨损等问题,特别是超大直径刀盘受力不均现象更加显著。针对上述问题,重点考虑软硬不均地层承载力容许值、面积比两个主要特征变量,提出了一种盾构掘进软硬不均地层的刀盘受力计算方法。依托某超大直径盾构隧道工程,利用该方法计算出软硬不均地层对刀盘作用力,结合数值仿真方法进一步得到刀盘整体应力与应变分布规律,进而提出了刀盘过载的刀盘总推力合理值。该计算方法不仅反映了软硬不均地层与刀盘刀具耦合作用特征,而且方便进一步计算刀盘整体应力与应变分布情况,确定刀盘推力,避免刀盘局部受力过大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.