依达拉奉对脑缺血再灌注后Aβ及其前体表达干预

为探讨缺血再灌注对大鼠海马区神经元细胞的损伤机制及依达拉奉的干预作用,利用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌模型,缺血2 h后再灌注22 h(术后24 h),按照Zea Longa 5级评分法,对大鼠进行神经行为学评分;通过苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)染色大鼠脑组织,观察其病理形态学的改变;通过免疫组织化学,图像分析及Western Blot的方法检测大鼠海马区β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)及其前体(APP)的表达。结果显示,模型组大鼠表现出明显的神经功能缺损症状,与之相比,6和10 mg/kg的依达拉奉可不同程度改善损伤模型大鼠的神经缺损症状,尤其是10 mg/kg依达拉奉组的大鼠症状改善更为明显(P0.01);HE染色结果显示,模型组大鼠海马区神经元细胞脱失明显,而治疗组可减轻这种形态学改变;免疫组织化学及Western Blot分析结果提示,在模型组中Aβ、APP表达明显高于假手术组(P0.01),而在不同质量分数依达拉奉组中,Aβ、APP含量均减弱(P0.05)。由此得出,缺血再灌注可能通过上调淀粉样蛋白Aβ及其前体APP而引起神经元细胞损伤,而依达拉奉可能通过对它们的抑制起到保护神经元细胞的作用。     

党参多糖对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清S100-β及NSE水平的影响

目的 观察党参多糖对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清S100-β蛋白(S100-β)及神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响。方法 随机将SD大鼠分成5组：假手术组、模型组、依达拉奉组和2个党参多糖高、低剂量组,每组10只。采用线栓法阻断大鼠中脑闭塞(MCAO)2 h后再灌注24 h建立脑缺血再灌注模型,2个党参多糖和依达拉奉组大鼠术前连续14 d给予相对应的药物,于再灌注后24 h取样,采用尼氏染色和HE染色法进行组织学观察,测量脑含水量及伊文思蓝法以评估卒中,ELISA法分别检测各组血清中NSE和S100-β水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织含水量及通透性明显增加(P<0.01),血清中NSE及S100-β蛋白含量明显增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比较,党参多糖高、低2个剂量组血清中NSE和S100-β蛋白含量明显降低(P<0.01),且党参多糖高剂量组脑组织含水量及通透性明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 党参多糖能明显减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的程度,降低血清中NSE和S100-β水平,具有良好的神经保护作用。     

胰岛素、尼莫地平对早期大鼠脑缺血再灌注神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究胰岛素、尼莫地平单药及联合用药对脑缺血再灌注时神经细胞凋亡的影响.方法:建立SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,将40只SD大鼠随机分为5组,分组使用不同药物并进行对照,采用原位末端凋亡荧光法检测凋亡细胞.结果:与对照组相比,用药各组的细胞凋亡数明显减少,差异有显著性(P<0.05).联合用药组与单独给药组差异具有显著性(P<0.05).结论:胰岛素、尼莫地平联合用药可以明显抑制脑缺血再灌注时细胞凋亡的发生,具有较好的神经保护作用.     

局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤神经细胞凋亡的研究

目的研究局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞凋亡及其大鼠脑组织不同时间病理学改变情况.方法随机选取66只成年Wistatr大鼠,按照随机数字法分3组,对照组(假手术组,n=6)、观察1组(脑缺血组,n=24)、观察2组(脑缺血再灌注组,n=36).采用线栓法制造大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,手术后HE染色,并分别采用TUNEL法和电镜观察大鼠缺血灌注损伤后神经元凋亡情况和细胞凋亡形态的变化.结果大鼠缺血再灌注后0~63 h时其神经功能损伤最为严重,伴随时间的延长逐渐能得到轻微缓解和改善,再灌注24 h后神经功能明显好转,之后再次出现加重的趋势.研究发现:再灌注后神经元会出现凋亡,TUNEL阳性细胞集中在灌注后病灶中心的边缘区域以及皮层区.结论线栓法制备动物脑组织缺血灌注模型能有效用于脑组织缺血再灌注后的临床分析,局灶区的神经元以凋亡、坏死为主,其中轻度脑缺血主要以神经凋亡为主,中重度缺血主要以坏死为主.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法:采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,随机分为假手术组(SO)、缺血模型组(IR)和还原型谷胱甘肽治疗组(RG),缺血2h再灌注24h后,评价神经功能状态,测定脑梗塞体积及脑组织病理学变化,用紫外分光光度计检测脑组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:与SO组相比较,IR组和RG组的GSH-PX和SOD活性降低,而MDA含量升高。GSH可以改善大鼠局灶性脑缺血引起的神经行为障碍,减少脑梗死体积(P<0.05);可以降低脑组织MDA含量,提高脑组织GSH-PX、SOD活力(P<0.05)。结论:GSH对脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用,这可能与其抑制氧自由基生成,减少脂质过氧化有关。     

依达拉奉的临床应用及进展

依达拉奉通过自由基清除及保护内质网机能等多种途径,对缺血再灌注损伤、神经细胞凋亡、变性等神经系统疾病有一定的治疗作用,是一种颇有临床应用前景的自由基清除剂.     

苦荞黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，分别为假手术组（Sham）、缺血再灌注组（I／R）、苦荞黄酮小剂量组、苦荞黄酮大剂量和芦丁组．手术前30min腹腔注射给药，采用线栓法结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉，制备脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，缺血30min，再灌注90min．然后断头取脑，测定脑匀浆中各种丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、一氧化氮（NO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）．I／R组，脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO较sham组明显增高，而SOD较Sham组降低．苦荞黄酮大小剂量和芦丁均能降低脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO含量，但对SOD活力影响均不明显．结果说明苦养黄酮可能通过抗自由基和减轻NO介导的神经毒性来发挥对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用，为进一步开发和利用苦养奠定了理论基础．     

大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤时MMP-9的表达

目的观察大鼠脑缺血-再灌注后基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达,探讨其与脑缺血-再灌注损伤的关系.方法应用明胶酶谱法(SDS-PAGEenzymograph)测各组大鼠脑组织不同时间点MMP-9的表达.结果MMP-9的动态变化:模型组缺血-再灌注6h后,大鼠缺血部位脑内可见少量的MMP-9的表达,24h明显升高,48 h达高峰,3 d时有所下降,5 d时水平更低.假手术组大鼠脑内未见MMP-9的表达,24 h和48 h组与模型组相比有显著性差异.结论脑缺血-再灌注可引起MMP-9表达异常,并且呈动态变 ;MMP-9的表达与大鼠脑缺血后的炎性病理损害及脑水肿有关系.     

大鼠小脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞凋亡及尼莫通的保护作用

目的:探讨小脑缺血再灌注损伤神经元的死亡方式及尼莫通的保护作用.方法:将实验用SD大鼠15只分为三组,即缺血再灌组、药护组、正常对照组.采用四血管闭塞法制作全脑缺血再灌注动物模型,再灌后48小时取小脑,石蜡包埋切片.应用末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测调亡细胞.药护组缺血前30分钟腹腔注射尼莫通.结果:在小脑皮质及小脑核均见反应阳性的凋亡细胞,药护组的凋亡细胞数显著少于缺血组.结论:细胞凋亡是迟发性神经元损伤的主要形式.尼莫通能抑制细胞凋亡,对小脑缺血再灌注损伤有显著性保护作用.     

胰岛素样生长因子-对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后NSE含量变化影响

为了观察胰岛素样生长因子-(IGF-)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时期海马皮层神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量变化的影响,应用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,将44只健康Spregue-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=4)、缺血再灌注组和IGF-组。缺血再灌注组于脑缺血2h后根据再灌注不同时间(12h、24h、48h、72h、96h)分为5个亚组(每亚组4只);IGF-组于脑缺血2h侧脑室内注射IGF-10μg后也根据再灌注不同时间(12h、24h、48h、72h、96h)分为5个亚组(每亚组4只)。于各时间点处死大鼠,并采用酶联免疫分析法测定每只鼠缺血侧海马皮层NSE含量。结果显示,缺血再灌注12h和24h组缺血侧海马皮层NSE含量较假手术组明显下降(P<0.01),48h和72h组也有明显下降,但(P<0.05),96h组基本恢复到假手术组水平;脑缺血2h侧脑室内注射IGF-10μg后再灌注,48h和72h组与相应时间点缺血再灌注组比较明显上升(P<0.05),96h组基本恢复到假手术组水平。IGF-组NSE含量恢复比同时间点缺血再灌注组快,IGF-可能具有减轻缺血性脑损伤的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to