基于OPNET的列车工业以太网仿真研究

列车通信网络因为其传输速率的限制,无法满足大流量的视频监视和故障诊断信息的传输。工业以太网虽然有大的传输速率,但是实时性和确定性却不能得到保证。本文利用网络仿真软件OPNET建立工业以太网列车通信网络的网络拓扑结构模型、节点的应用层进程模型和链路层进程模型并进行仿真,研究不同载荷和带宽下以太网延时、服务器载荷和链路使用率的变化,结果表明:通过增加网络带宽可明显改善网络的性能。     

列车通信网络设计问题中的双层规划模型

列车通信网络的物理拓扑结构和逻辑拓扑结构优化问题关系到列车控制系统及安全监测系统的性能和经济效益。对列车通信网络的设计问题进行建模,通过双层规划的思想,将列车通信网络的可靠性、建造费用与通信效率纳入统一的决策过程,从而建立科学的列车通信网络最优性能模型。上层规划以最低建造成本为目标,约束条件为网络可靠性;下层规划以最大通信效率为目标,约束条件为建造费用和网络物理拓扑。最后利用一种基于遗传算法和Floyd算法的混合求解过程对列车通信网络综合规划模型进行求解,得到满足网络稳定性要求下的最小费用设计方案及该方案下的最优效率通信方式。通过对实例结果的分析表明,文中提出的模型是切实有效的。     

基于HLA/RTI的CRH2列车协同仿真接口网关设计与实现

以CRH2型高速列车为参考模型,采用多学科协同仿真的方法,对高速列车综合仿真平台和列车通信网络仿真平台之间的接口网关进行分析和研究,提出构建基于HLA/RTI(高层体系结构/联邦运行支撑环境)标准的综合仿真平台与通信网络仿真平台相匹配的接口网关,使得网络仿真平台作为一个联邦成员加入联邦执行中,参与协同仿真。基于HLA/RTI对综合仿真平台中的司机控制台系统和牵引传动系统进行仿真模拟,验证了该接口网关的有效性。     

基于PROFINET IRT的列车通信网络调度算法

提出了一种基于实时以太网PROFINET的列车通信网络模型,采用时分复用的方式将传输周期分为IRT时段、RT时段和NRT时段,传输3种实时性要求不同的列车数据.在此基础上,重点设计了基于资源受限项目调度问题的实时周期数据IRT通信调度算法,通过时态约束得出多个任务的调度时刻表.采用OPNET仿真软件建立了时分复用的PROFINET通信模型,仿真结果表明:采用本文调度算法的IRT时段交付时间,相比单调速率调度后的IRT交付时间减小,且任务量越大,该算法越有优势.     

基于OPNET的星型工业以太网列车通信网络仿真研究

利用网络仿真软件OPNET构建星型工业以太网列车通信网络(TCN)拓扑结构,并进行节点建模和业务建模.研究不同数据包大小、产生间隔和网络带宽,对以太网时延、数据包冲突和重传次数的影响.结果表明:通过增大数据包产生间隔、减小数据包的长度以及增加网络带宽都可以提高列车通信网络实时性.     

水声通信信道中的OPNET建模与仿真

针对水声通信网络信道的实现开销大、复杂性高的特点,提出了一种能够仿真分析水声通信网络的有效方法.该方法分别使用OPNET中的Propagation-Delay-Stage,Receiver-Power-Stage和Background-Noise-Stage三个工具来仿真水声信道中的传播延迟、发射机功率和水声噪声(水声噪声包括紊流、船运、风波和热噪声).其中,Propagation-Delay-Stage采用MacKenzie速度模型;Receiver-Power-Stage中有Thorp,Schulkin&Marsh和Francois&Garrison 3种传播损失模型.在该方法中,首先仿真比较了取不同传播损失模型时的水声信道,然后根据仿真结果选择一个合适的水声信道,并采用MACAW协议来仿真水声通信网络.最后,通过仿真实验对整个水声通信网络的吞吐量、误码率、丢包率进行了分析.实验结果表明,采用该方法能够有效地仿真水声通信网络.     

水声通信网络信道建模与仿真研究进展

水声通信网络在海洋目标定位和导航、资源勘探和开发、环境感知和监测等领域有重要应用,其中水声信道特性研究及其建模与仿真是建立通信网络的基础,而目前水声通信网络中的信道建模与仿真尚未有公认的标准方法.因此,基于对水声信道传播特性的分析,探讨了典型水声信道特性给水声通信网络设计带来的挑战;对比了经验模型、声场模型、基于本征路径的多径信道模型和基于统计特性的时变信道模型等水声信道模型,仿真结果表明:水声信道结构的变化明显影响接收性能;阐述了基于水声信道特性的水声网络仿真工具和方法,分析了其特点;最后进行了总结,并展望了未来水声通信网络信道建模与仿真的发展方向.     

一种半实物通信网络仿真模型

分析、量化半实物网络仿真中通信包转换及其对通信性能的影响程度.设计基于OPNET的半实物网络仿真模型,分析模型中真实网络节点和虚拟网络节点的映射实现原理.通过ICMP协议包实验研究虚拟与真实网络之间数据包的转换过程及其网络仿真性能.结果表明,这种网络仿真模型可将真实网络和虚拟仿真网络模型有效结合,并具有较好的仿真性能.     

多功能车辆总线事件仲裁实时调度算法

针对列车通信采用多功能车辆总线(multifunction vehicle bus,MVB)网络传输数据的实时性要求,提出一种动态优先级时间片轮询算法.该算法根据非周期数据的优先级进行仲裁调度,通过优化算法复杂度、减小数据等待延时和阻塞延时,解决了MVB网络实时性的问题.并对MVB总线非周期数据的实时性、公平性等进行仿真分析,结果表明,该算法能提高MVB总线非周期数据传输的实时性与公平性,可满足列车通信网络标准ICE61375-1对实时性的要求.     

MVB-LonWorks网关在列车网络中的应用研究

MVB(多功能车辆总线)和LonWorks作为一种成熟的控制网络技术,已经在列车通信网络中得到了广泛的应用.但是在实际应用中.目前列车上有两种总线的产品,这限制了列车网络技术在列车中的应用.因此如何将二者互联已经是列车网络技术应用的瓶颈.本文研究了MVB-LonWorks网关技术,设计了网关的结构,并通过实验进行了验证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.