催化油浆掺兑减压渣油丙烷脱沥青研究

以中原某炼油厂减压渣油和催化油浆为原料 ,结合溶剂脱沥青工艺的特点 ,以丙烷为溶剂对掺兑油浆后的减压渣油进行丙烷脱沥青研究 .研究表明 ,掺兑油浆有利于脱油沥青性质的改善 ,在适宜的条件下可以得到60 #、 1 0 0 #等不同牌号的道路沥青     

抗溶剂沉淀沥青质过程相态及相平衡研究

以辽河减压渣油为原料、汽油为溶剂、丙烷为抗溶剂，在温度50-100℃、压力3.0-5.0MPa及抗溶剂比为1.0-2.5的条件下，在RUSKA-2370-601高压无汞双釜PVT相平衡仪装置上对抗溶剂沉淀沥青质的相态进行了研究，考察了温度、抗溶剂比与压力对沥青质沉淀过程的相态变化、脱沥青油收率及质量的影响。研究结果表明，升高温度、增大抗溶剂比及降低压力，都能降低轻相密度、轻相中脱沥青油的含量、脱沥青油的收率与残炭值，同时使脱沥青油中饱和分含量增加，并改善脱沥青油的质量。     

抗溶剂沉淀沥青质过程相态及相平衡研究

以辽河减压渣油为原料、汽油为溶剂、丙烷为抗溶剂 ,在温度 5 0～ 10 0℃、压力 3.0～ 5 .0MPa及抗溶剂比为 1.0～ 2 .5的条件下 ,在RUSKA 2 370 6 0 1高压无汞双釜PVT相平衡仪装置上对抗溶剂沉淀沥青质的相态进行了研究 ,考察了温度、抗溶剂比与压力对沥青质沉淀过程的相态变化、脱沥青油收率及质量的影响。研究结果表明 ,升高温度、增大抗溶剂比及降低压力 ,都能降低轻相密度、轻相中脱沥青油的含量、脱沥青油的收率与残炭值 ,同时使脱沥青油中饱和分含量增加 ,并改善脱沥青油的质量。     

阿曼渣油丙烷脱沥青试验研究

在完成对溶剂脱沥青中试装置安装和调试的基础上,研究阿曼渣油的丙烷脱沥青过程,考察萃取温度、压力及剂油比等参数对脱油沥青和脱沥青油的收率及质量的影响.结果表明萃取塔温度和剂油比对产品的质量和收率影响较大,而萃取压力保持在丙烷临界压力左右即可.     

超临界溶剂中重质油热解初探

本文介绍了渣油在超临界溶剂中,进行热解的流动型反应器试验装置及试验方法。初步考察了大庆减压渣油重脱沥青油在超临界甲苯中的热解。结果表明,超临界溶剂中进行重油热解可抑制气体的生成和缩合反应的进行。     

油浆组合工艺的开发和应用

在丁烷脱沥青装置进行催化油浆组合工艺试验,对操作条件进行了探索,试验结果表明,油浆组合工艺在提高DAO收率、有效改善沥青质量等方面取得较好的效果,经济效益显著。在丁烷脱沥青装置进行催化油浆组合工艺试验,对操作条件进行了探索,试验结果表明,油浆组合工艺在提高DAO收率、有效改善沥青质量等方面取得较好的效果,经济效益显著。     

稠油减压渣油中镍的分布及其在热转化过程中的变化

将辽河欢喜岭稠油的减压渣油在16种不同的反应条件下进行热转化,考察了残渣油中镍的分布,讨论了裂化残渣戊烷可溶质及其色谱组分中镍的脱除率与反应温度及反应时间的变化规律。对部分裂化残渣油的戊烷可溶质采用硅胶吸附色谱法,将其分离成含有弱极性非卟啉镍、强极性非卟啉镍三个组分,考察了它们在热转化过程中的变化。研究结果认为,采用热转化和溶剂脱沥青相结合,可脱除脱沥青油中的大部分金属镍。弱极性非卟啉镍的脱除率最大,而强极性非卟啉镍和卟啉镍的脱除率较低。本文还对含镍组分的热转化反应动力学进行了探讨。     

六种环烷基原油酸分布和蜡分布规律研究

以六种环烷基原油为研究对象,利用实沸点蒸馏将原油切割为六个馏分,并以实沸点蒸馏的减压渣油为原料,采用溶剂脱沥青装置,使用丙烷溶剂脱沥青,得到三个不同深度的脱沥青油.分别对测定了以上各个馏分的酸值和蜡含量,结果表明大部分原油的环烷酸分布在全馏分中,特别是在减压馏分中仍有较高的酸值;六种原油的蜡含量不高,蜡主要分布在500-550℃的馏分中,因此采用深拔或溶剂脱沥青工艺生产沥青时,重馏分的蜡含量高,凝点高,这些馏分作为润滑油原料使用时,需要进行降蜡和降凝.     

克拉玛依渣油悬浮床加氢尾油的溶剂处理方法

对克拉玛依渣油悬浮床加氢尾油在溶剂存在条件下进行的离心分离结果表明 ,该方法可以有效地分离尾油中的焦炭和固体物质 ,降低尾油的残炭值 ,改善尾油的性质 ,其结果优于自然沉降和尾油的直接离心沉降。对操作条件的考察表明 ,所用溶剂的芳烃含量越低 ,对尾油中固体物质、沥青质和重胶质的脱除率越高 ,处理后尾油的残炭值越低 ;剂油比越大 ,对沥青质、重胶质脱除的选择性越好 ,处理后尾油的残炭值越低。用低芳烃含量溶剂处理后的尾油作为悬浮床加氢裂化的循环油 ,可以得到较高的裂化转化率 ,其生焦量也较低     

克拉玛依渣油悬浮床加氢尾油的溶剂处理方法

对克拉玛依渣油悬浮床加氢尾油在溶剂存在条件下进行的离心分离结果表明，该方法可以有效地分离尾油中的焦炭和固体物质，降低尾油的残炭值，改善尾油的性质，其结果优于自然沉降和尾油的直接离心沉降。对操作条件的考察表明，所用溶剂的芳烃含量越低，对尾油中固体物质、沥青质和重胶质的脱除率越高，处理后尾油的残炭值越低；剂油比越大，对沥青质、重胶质脱除的选择性越好，处理后尾油的残炭值越低。用低芳烃含量溶剂处理后的尾油作为悬浮床加氢裂化的循环油，可以得到较高的裂化转化率，其生焦量也较低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-