基于最小材料去除量的比较球面计算与仿真

基于非球面最接近球面的计算方法分析,构建成型设备与工件间坐标变换矩阵,借鉴并优化材料去除量最小原则,计算最接近球面与理论非球面间的偏离量,建立数学模型.针对典型的圆形口径和矩形口径同轴、离轴非球面元件的比较球面求解进行仿真.结果表明,所建立的数值求解模型可有效计算同轴、离轴非球面元件的比较球面使材料去除量最小,对加工实践起到指导作用.     

波像差法构建非球面干涉检测的误差分离模型

非球面元件光学干涉检测中,获得客观、准确的面形信息是实现元件快速、确定性制造的关键因素之一。为了实现大口径光学离轴非球面反射镜的高精度检测,对其干涉检测结果中的误差信息表现形式进行了分析研究,提出了一种基于将离轴非球面反射镜检测工装视为具有5维自由度空间刚体设想的误差分离矩阵,并从波像差理论出发,寻求出调整误差作用分量的分立表现形式及影响参数,建立了计算机辅助检测大口径光学离轴非球面反射镜的基本模型。仿真分析结果证实了这种方法的可行性。     

非球面零位补偿检测中非线性误差的影响及去除

非球面零位补偿检测中会引入非线性误差,利用光线追迹的方法获得了干涉测量坐标系和非球面镜面坐标系之间的非线性关系。对某有效通光口径为860mm的体育场形离轴非球面反射镜的零位补偿检测,利用光线追迹结果进行坐标反变换的数据处理方法,对上述非球镜面面形数据进行了镜面矢高分布数据的非线性校正;通过分析对比非线性校正前后的数据,对计算机辅助装调过程的影响,证明经过非线性校正后的镜面面形矢高数据可以加速计算机辅助装调过程收敛。     

高精密光学元件磨床的加工与检测系统的开发

高精密平面磨床是加工光学非球面元件的一种重要途径.出于通用性和效率的考虑,开发一套面向光学非球面元件的高精密平面磨床的加工与检测系统,以此来实现光学非球面元件的精密加工.以自行开发研制的四轴数控高精密平面磨床为研究基础,采用模块化设计,选用Delphi 7为开发语言,运用Delphi 7和Matlab混合编程技术,搭建了加工与测量系统,实现了光学非球面元件的磨削加工、面形测量、磨削补偿以及环境检测等.实验结果表明,该系统可以满足光学元件的精密加工及检测,并具有较高的工作效率.     

用干涉条纹密度确定非球面检测点光源的最佳位置

在对非球面的干涉检测中,记录干涉图的CCD的选型、光路中光学器件的选择和干涉图的分析计算以及检测系统的精度评价等,都与干涉入射点光源和参考点光源的位置直接相关。为了能够准确地预判非球面检测时入射球面光波和参考球面光波的点光源最佳位置,采用计算和分析在点光源与被测非球面反射光波的干涉条纹密度的方法,确定非球面干涉检测时入射球面光波和参考球面光波的点光源的最佳位置。通过上述方法不仅能够确定非球面检测时点光源的最佳位置,还可用于全面地分析干涉条纹密度的分布,并用于制定检测系统CCD等光路元件选型的基本策略,也可用于对非球面检测的调试过程进行理论指导。     

小型非球面超精密加工建模及控制技术研究

根据高精度小型非球面制造的需要,探讨了一种针对小型非球面元件的加工方法,并分析了实现数控加工控制的技术途径.根据非球面加工理论,基于工控机和Windows系统,用VB.NET开发实现了小型非球面数控加工控制软件.     

实现长焦深的衍射光学元件设计方法

提出了一种设计长焦深小焦斑衍射光学元件的方法.该方法采用ZEMAX光学设计程序,利用能量守恒原理求解目标函数,并综合考虑焦斑大小保持不变的要求,对目标函数进行了修正,通过修正后的函数来约束输出光束在焦深范围内的轴上位置,从而完成衍射光学元件的相位优化,并求得相应的工艺参数.该元件不但可以使激光束具有长焦深和小焦斑,而且还具有可加工性.焦深范围能达到2 mm,焦深范围内光斑半径在5.32～10.48μm变化,与相同参数的传统光学元件相比,焦深增加了8倍,焦斑半径变化很小,而普通光学元件在此范围内最大焦斑半径达到102.9μm.该方法为长焦深元件的设计、加工与制造提供了可行方案.     

磁流变抛光光学非球面元件表面误差的评价

正确评价抛光后光学非球面元件表面面形的波前畸变是确保实现光学非球面元件超精密制造的关键。该文提出了结合功率谱密度法和残余误差法并考虑非球面元件表面中频误差的综合评价方法。将提出的综合评价标准应用到磁流变数控抛光过程中,进一步明确了表面残余误差与抛光工艺参数之间的关系,建立了有效消除表面残余误差的抛光工艺规范。按照这一工艺规范制造出一块抛物面光学反射镜,其面形精度达到λ/30(λ=0.6328μm),残余误差为3λ/1000。该方法可为深入开展高精度磁流变抛光技术研究提供参考。     

数控车床中刀具补偿的研究

在数控加工中,工件坐标系确定后,还要确定刀尖点在工件坐标系中的位置,即常说的对刀问题。车刀刀尖半径补偿是数控车削加工中的常见问题,本文就刀尖半径的影响进行分析,根据不同功能的数控系统进行刀尖半径补偿方法等进行介绍。     

数控车床中刀具补偿的研究

在数控加工中,工件坐标系确定后,还要确定刀尖点在工件坐标系中的位置,即常说的对刀问题。车刀刀尖半径补偿是数控车削加工中的常见问题,本文就刀尖半径的影响进行分析,根据不同功能的数控系统进行刀尖半径补偿方法等进行介绍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.