烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

荒诞视角下的《息·望·忆》解读

艾薇菊·丹提卡在《息·望·忆》中成功塑造了两个海地黑人女性形象，母亲马汀及女儿索菲。马汀遭人强暴，远走他乡，但仍然无法逾越父权文化管制下的道德樊篱，最终精神分裂。索菲游离于现实与梦境的边缘，母亲的经历和“验身”行为使她趋于崩溃。马汀和索菲在异己的世界里生存，无法取得社会认同，难以倾诉，强烈的荒诞感使她们窒息。面对荒诞，马汀选择逃避，在绝望中自杀。索菲则立足现实，直面荒诞，在反抗中寻求精神解脱。     

2,2,6,6─四氯环乙酮的合成

以环乙酮为原料液相法合成２，２，６，６─四氯环乙酮，并对物料比例，加料速度，反应温度，时间等影响因素进行了讨论．     

汉魏晋南北朝文学的任侠主题

描述、歌颂游侠形象,开掘、赞美任侠精神,是汉魏晋南北朝文学的一个传统主题．这个传统文学主题的创立、扩展,既是当时社会现象的反映,又是与当时的时代思潮相关联,适应了寒士阶层的历史性斗争需要．     

相对论平均场理论对Pd,Cd,Sn,Te,Xe同位素链形变的研究

在相对论平均场理论下,用NL3,TMA,PK1,NL-SH四种不同的相互作用对Pd,Cd,Sn,Te,Xe等同位素偶偶核的B(E2)↑跃迁进行研究.通过计算作出了Pd,Cd,Sn,Te同位素的位能曲线,找出了它们的基态,证实了随着质量数的增加,原子核的形状发生了变化.把这些结果与最近观测的实验值作对比,符合得很好,表明相对论平均场理论可以较好地描述原子核的形变.     

扩大世界史学科影响促进横向学术交流

世界历史是一门既年轻而又实用性很强的学科,它与时代发展息息相关.如何搞好世界历史的教学与研究,同时又理论联系实际,密切关注当代社会文化发展,是从事该学科教学与研究者必须解决的现实问题.依据“世界现代史与当代社会文化发展”学术研讨会提供的论文,就各专家学者围绕“世界现代史教学与研究”“世界现代史与当代社会发展”“世界现代史与当代文化发展”等问题讨论的观点进行归纳和总结,对扩大学科影响力,促进横向学术交流,拓展史学教育功能具有重要意义.     

Ag、Cu、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finis-Sinclair势构建及其二元合金形成焓的计算

构建了fcc金属Cu、Ag、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势,并利用晶格常数、体弹性模量和金属的内聚能的实验数据拟合了这几种金属的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势参数;利用Miedema理论和所构建的原子间相互作用势计算了Cu,Ag,Au,Ni,Pd,Pt的二元合金的形成焓.对两种计算结果进行了比较,并与已有的实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,使用Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势计算合金的形成焓能够得到令人满意的结果.     

再论暗物质、暗能量、引力波-中微子及力的统一问题——从宇宙微波背景辐射B模偏振之发现的物理学意义谈起

进一步探讨暗物质、暗能量、引力波-中微子及力的统一问题,结果认为:(1)以宇宙大部分星系合并成的重力真空星的类似局部暴涨解释了宇宙加速膨胀的可能是暗能量的高比例之源;证明哈佛—史密森天体物理学中心等BICEP2望远镜发现的宇宙微波背景辐射的B模式偏振信号,可能是宇宙暴涨与上述的类似局部暴涨的引力波叠加作用的结果。(2)英国《自然》杂志发表的76个"黑洞"探测所发现的强大的磁场,客观上较强有力地支持作者提出的"黑洞"(暗星)的夸克星模型:由1/3基本电荷的正负夸克以类似于金刚石的正四面体"空间点阵"组成。质能守恒定律提示1/3基本电荷的夸克可能是空心结构。(3)进一步支持"黑洞"(暗星-夸克星)作为暗物质的候选者的可行性。     

浅谈中国古代悲剧意识的消解因素--酒、仙、梦、自然

从中西文化所包含的悲剧精神入手,肯定了悲剧美的力量在于能促使人类从抗争中奋起,从而弘扬民族的强大力量,力图使民族文学与民族文化背景相结合,通过大量的实例分析,提出了酒、仙、梦、自然是使中国民族悲剧精神淡化、弱化的不可忽视的因素.     

白音查干凹陷达尔其油田油气成藏规律

达尔其油田位于内蒙古二连盆地川井坳陷北部白音查干凹陷南斜坡白音构造带上.其主要生、储油层系为下白垩统的阿尔善组、腾格尔组和都红木组第一段,为河流-三角洲-深湖沉积体系.达尔其油田烃源岩丰度普遍较高,但不同烃源层成熟度差异大;储集条件总体来说比较好,但非均质性较强;具备良好的区域盖层条件.该区主要发育高部位断背斜油藏、中部位岩性-构造油藏和低部位构造-岩性油藏,油气遵循"临油源短运移就近聚集,'Y'字形断阶式成藏,油气聚集区呈'条带状'分布的富集规律".