分子筛催化剂的研究

Ⅰ.加压一次交换制稀土-Y型分子筛 目前国内外生产用于石油裂解催化剂的稀土-Y型分子筛,一般是采用二交二焙工艺。 H.S.Sherry的八面沸石型分子筛La~(3+)—Na~+交换等温线工作表明,交换分两步:快的一步是La~(3+)水合离子交换大腔中的Na~+;慢的一步是交换β笼中的Na~+。慢的原因是La~(3+)水合离子(直径7.92)要通过β笼窗口(直径2.6)进入β笼需脱水(脱     

煤系高岭土合成NaA分子筛及其机理分析

以煅烧煤系高岭土为原料,采用氢氧化钠溶液水热合成制备NaA分子筛.以NaA分子筛晶体的生长过程为基础,利用XRD、SEM对NaA分子筛晶体生长规律进行表征, 并对其结晶机理进行了分析.结果表明,煤系高岭土制备NaA分子筛的最佳工艺条件是:煅烧温度为725 ℃;配料比 m(Na2O)/m(SiO2)为3,m(H2O)/m (Na2O)为40;胶化条件为70 ℃×2 h;晶化条件为100 ℃×6 h.所制NaA分子筛的钙离子交换量为316.55 g CaCO3/g.在NaA分子筛的碱液合成过程中,在晶化条件下,凝胶固相中的硅铝酸根骨架解聚重排晶化成沸石晶体骨架.     

真空抽吸晶种涂覆法制备中空纤维NaA分子筛膜

针对中空纤维分子筛膜批量化制备过程中晶种涂覆问题,提出真空抽吸晶种涂覆技术,以简化晶种涂覆工艺过程。利用真空抽吸法在α-Al2O3中空纤维支撑体外表面涂覆NaA分子筛晶种层,继而采用二次生长法制备NaA分子筛膜。利用粒径分析仪、X线衍射仪(XRD)以及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对NaA分子筛晶种及所制备的分子筛膜进行了系统表征。实验考察晶种涂覆条件对膜性能的影响,并优化真空抽吸条件。研究结果显示:采用质量浓度为5 g/L的小粒径晶种悬浮液,在10 kPa真空度下抽吸5 s可获得均匀的晶种层,并制得高性能的中空纤维NaA分子筛膜。在348 K下,所制备中空纤维NaA分子筛膜用于质量分数为90%的乙醇/水溶液分离时,其渗透水通量为5.89 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为11 800。     

NaA型分子筛膜的合成与渗透汽化性能研究

采用二次生长法,在多孔管状莫来石支撑体上合成了高性能的NaA型分子筛膜.利用SEM和XRD对合成的NaA型分子筛膜进行了结构表征.XRD结果表明,在莫来石支撑体上可形成纯的NaA型分子筛晶体;SEM结果表明支撑体外表面上形成了一层厚度为5～10μm的连续致密的分子筛膜.渗透汽化测试实验表明,在优化条件下合成的NaA型分子筛膜具有高的渗透通量和分离系数.在温度为75℃,原料液中乙醇质量分数为90%的条件下,其渗透通量和分离系数可分别高达2.85 kg·m-2·h-1和10 000.NaA型分子筛膜渗透通量受操作温度、原料液浓度变化的影响很大.当操作温度升高或原料液中水的浓度增加时,其渗透通量均显著增加.     

中华补血草不同器官Na^＋,K^＋含量的比较研究

本文研究表明:中华补血草不同器官以及同一器官不同部位Na~+、K~+离子的含量具有明显差异。中华补血草根Na~+、K~+含量高于地上部分,肉质根具有贮盐作用,幼龄叶的Na~+的含量低于中龄叶和老龄叶,而K~+的含量则相反。在根——茎部位中皮层部分的Na~+、K~+含量高于中柱部分。本文认为中华补血草不同器官的抗盐性是不同的。     

用阴极过电压计算冰晶石熔体中Na~+和F~-扩散系数

根据冰晶石熔体离子结构的研究结果,利用电解时的阴极过电压数据和Na~+,F~-离子的迁移数,计算了冰晶石熔体中Na~+和F~-的扩散系数随冰晶石分子比的变化。计算得出的Na~+和F~-离子的扩散系数与实测值比较一致。     

热浸渍晶种法制备高重复性NaA分子筛膜

利用热浸渍法和打磨法引入晶种合成NaA分子筛膜,将合成的NaA分子筛膜应用于乙醇/水混合体系,研究进料温度、进料侧压力及进料流量等对其分离性能的影响。结果表明,进料温度升高,渗透通量和分离因数呈增大趋势;进料侧压力增大,渗透通量增加,分离因数减小;进料流量增大,渗透通量明显增大,分离因数未发生明显变化。进料温度为75℃、进料侧压力为100kPa、相对真空度接近-0.1MPa、进料流量为16L/h时,所得NaA分子筛膜的渗透通量和分离因数分别为1.08kg.m-2.h-1和3 338,此时用于乙醇/水混合体系分离效果最佳。NaA分子筛膜的重复性高达80%。     

羟氧化■锑的合成及其离子交换性

用络合水介法合成了羟氧化■锑(V)无机离子交换剂,报导了它的组成和离子交换性质,测定了Na~+、K~+离子的分配系数,并用柱式操作达到Na~+、K~+离子的有效分离。 合成无机离子交换剂由于耐高温和抗放射作用,以及对某些元素的特殊选择性,因而广泛用于核工业、湿法冶金工业、纯物质制备,从工业废水中回收有用物质等部门。 锑型无机离子交换剂对碱金属和碱土金属有高选择性。本工作用络合水解法合成了羟氧化■锑(V)无机离子交换剂,并用其进行了K~+、Na~+混合离子的柱式分离。     

电解质在PEG水溶液中的粘度B系数

本文测定了LiCI、NaCl、KCl、KBr、K_2SO_4和Na2SO_4在PEG水溶液中20℃和30℃的粘度B系数,计算出了单个离子的B值。发现Li~+和Na~+起结构促进作用,而其它离子起破坏作用。并讨论了离子-溶剂的相互作用。     

乙二醇/水在NaA分子筛中吸附扩散行为的模拟

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗(GCMC)和平衡分子动力学(EMD)方法,模拟乙二醇(EG)/水在NaA分子筛孔道中的吸附与扩散行为。结果表明:混合组分间存在着显著的竞争吸附行为,水的吸附量随水质量分数的升高呈增大趋势,与实验中渗透通量的变化趋势相吻合;纯水的扩散速率明显高于乙二醇的扩散速率,混合组分的扩散行为受分子间互相作用影响显著,乙二醇分子对水分子的扩散产生显著的阻滞作用,从而影响了NaA分子筛膜的渗透通量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.