NaA分子筛膜的制备及其在醇类脱水中的应用

采用水热合成法在莫来石支撑体上制备NaA分子筛膜,并利用渗透汽化技术对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和叔丁醇等不同分子尺寸的醇水体系进行脱水性能的研究,同时考察操作温度和原料液中水含量对膜的分离性能的影响.研究表明:在优化条件下制备出致密无缺陷的NaA分子筛膜,所制备的膜对几种醇类体系脱水都具有良好的分离效果,膜的渗透水通量随温度的升高而增加,分离因子略有下降;随着醇类分子尺寸的增大,膜的分离因子和水通量都呈增大趋势.     

管状NaY型分子筛膜的合成

分别采用密闭式不锈钢反应釜和开口式回流玻璃反应器,在多孔管状支撑体表面水热合成NaY型分子筛膜.探讨了硅铝溶胶老化时间、合成温度及时间、支撑体等成膜条件对分子筛膜性能的影响,对合成膜进行了XRD和SEM表征.与鼓风烘箱加热的不锈钢反应釜相比,采用油浴加热的玻璃反应器的反应时间更短;同时,形成分子筛膜的渗透性能受支撑体材质的影响很大.在优化的合成条件下,膜对水/有机物混合物具有较好的分离选择性.莫来石支撑体上形成的NaY型分子筛膜应用于75℃、水/乙醇(质量比为10/90)和水/异丙醇(质量比为10/90)体系的渗透通量和分离因子分别高达2.97 kg·m-2·h-1和305,2.45 kg·m-2.h-1和920.而不锈钢支撑体上制备的分子筛膜的渗透通量均为莫来石支撑体上合成膜的1.5倍以上.     

ETS-4分子筛膜的制备

采用晶种法在多孔管状莫来石支撑体外表面水热合成ETS-4分子筛膜.研究合成条件,包括晶种、合成液碱度以及合成时间对ETS-4晶体生长和膜形成的影响.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ETS-4分子筛及分子筛膜进行了表征.通过75 ℃、质量分数为10%的水/乙醇混合物对膜的渗透汽化分离性能进行检测.实验结果表明,在碱性介质中,Al从支撑体析出,导致在支撑体孔中形成方沸石,影响了膜的渗透汽化分离性能.     

以廉价高岭土和硅藻土为原料合成方沸石分子筛膜

以廉价高岭土和硅藻土为主要原料,在管状莫来石支撑体上采用2次水热生长法合成了方沸石分子筛膜.通过气体渗透性能测试和XRD、SEM等对膜进行表征,重点考察了合成溶胶中的碱度、合成温度、晶化时间对膜层的晶体形貌和结构以及渗透性能的影响.结果表明:在n（ H2 O）: n（ Na2 O）为200的合成溶胶体系中,合成温度为150℃的条件下晶化反应6 h,可制备出结晶度好且渗透性能较高的纯相方沸石分子筛膜.室温下该膜的氢气渗透率为1.8×10-8 mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1,H2/CO2气体分离因子为15,高于其努森扩散值（4.7）.     

热浸渍晶种法制备高重复性NaA分子筛膜

利用热浸渍法和打磨法引入晶种合成NaA分子筛膜,将合成的NaA分子筛膜应用于乙醇/水混合体系,研究进料温度、进料侧压力及进料流量等对其分离性能的影响。结果表明,进料温度升高,渗透通量和分离因数呈增大趋势;进料侧压力增大,渗透通量增加,分离因数减小;进料流量增大,渗透通量明显增大,分离因数未发生明显变化。进料温度为75℃、进料侧压力为100kPa、相对真空度接近-0.1MPa、进料流量为16L/h时,所得NaA分子筛膜的渗透通量和分离因数分别为1.08kg.m-2.h-1和3 338,此时用于乙醇/水混合体系分离效果最佳。NaA分子筛膜的重复性高达80%。     

T-NaX分子筛复合膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能

本文利用NaX型分子筛对T型分子筛膜进行修饰,制备出T-NaX分子筛复合膜,借助XRD、SEM及渗透汽化实验研究了合成时间、合成温度及NaX型分子筛合成液陈化时间对复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,在NaX型分子筛合成液陈化时间为18 h、合成温度为105℃、合成时间为28 h的条件下,可制得组织连续致密、渗透侧水含量高达99.359%、渗透通量为1.99 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)的T-NaX分子筛复合膜。     

负载金属离子ZSM-5分子筛膜脱除苯并噻吩-二苯并噻吩的性能

采用水热合成法制备ZSM-5分子筛膜,并通过负载金属离子对其进行改性。通过X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的膜进行表征。将所制得的ZSM-5分子筛膜经过负载金属离子改性后用于模拟汽油中苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩二元硫化物的分离,考察负载离子种类、负载离子浓度和操作温度对二元硫化物竞争吸附和渗透通量的影响,并应用软硬酸碱理论(HSAB)分析吸附能力的强弱。结果表明:当Ag+浓度为0.2 mol/L时硫化物的分离因子最高可达1.31;随着操作温度的升高,ZSM-5分子筛膜渗透通量逐渐增大而分离因子逐渐减小。     

丝光沸石分子筛膜的制备与表征

在不添加有机模板剂的条件下,使用配比为n(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O)=0.25:0.067:1:35溶胶在多孔莫来石管上水热合成出丝光沸石分子筛膜.考察了晶化时间、硅源、铝源等条件对晶体层晶化和渗透汽化性能的影响.合成的膜经XRD和SEM表征.优化合成条件下制备的丝光沸石膜具有良好的渗透汽化(pervaporation,PV)性能,在75℃,水/乙醇(质量比为10/90)混合溶液中的渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.72 kg·m-2·h-1和480.xRD和SEM表征显示,在较优化水热条件下,支撑体外表面形成了一层致密的、高结晶度丝光沸石分子筛晶体.     

TS-1分子筛膜的制备

在多孔管状莫来石支撑体外表面水热合成TS1型分子筛膜.讨论了合成配比、合成温度、晶种引入等因素对膜合成的影响.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UVVIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TS1分子筛及分子筛膜进行了表征.通过乙醇水混合物对膜的渗透汽化分离性能进行检测.结果表明,Ti进入了分子筛的骨架中,且最佳n(TiO2)/n(SiO2)=0.02,最佳合成温度200℃,采用原位法可以获得缺陷较少的TS1分子筛膜.该膜对乙醇具有较好的选择性,分离因子为62,通量为0.76kg/(m2·h).     

二次生长法制备NaA型沸石膜及其在渗透汽化中的应用

首先采用负压法在氧化铝载体上引入晶种,再通过二次生长法合成了NaA型沸石膜,考察了各种因素对制膜的影响.结果表明,在90 ℃时反应晶化3 h,能够形成最佳的NaA膜层.对于质量分数为90%的乙醇水溶液,所合成的膜的渗透汽化通量为0.19 kg/(m2*h),分离因子达300以上.在此基础上研究了渗透汽化温度、渗透液浓度对于分离性能的影响,获得了渗透汽化过程的初步规律.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.