基于模糊逻辑的软件质量评价方法

软件质量是软件开发相关各方共同关注的目标，软件质量定量评价是软件工程领域的热点问题。在国内外对软件质量定量评价方法研究的不足之处的基础上，提出了运用模糊逻辑理论对软件质量进行定量评价的技术方法，即首先通过工程化方法筛选软件质量评价要素，并确定软件质量评价要素和质量评价等级模糊集，然后建立它们之间的模糊关系和质量要素权重集，经过最大——最小复合运算，计算出反映软件质量的评价向量值；通过应用实例，得出一个软件系统(XTMAIS)质量的实际评价等级；提出了进一步研究的方向。研究结果表明，该方法符合模糊逻辑理论的应用特点和软件工程的发展方向，理论上先进，技术上可行，在软件工程领域具有推广、应用价值。     

ERP软件选型的过程和方法研究

分析了ERP软件选型的过程，重点讨论了最佳方案的选择．理论构建了包括ERP软件质量、ERP供应商情况、企业自身情况、成本效益四大类指标的ERP软件选型评价指标体系，并以实例进行了说明．     

基于量化指标分析的软件质量度量方法

使用定量的软件质量度量能够为质量管理人员的决策提供数据的基础，并减少定性评价或者主观评价的片面性。本文基于ISO/IEC9126软件质量标准，在分析软件质量度量的量化指标的基础上，进行了软件质量度量方法的研究，完善了软件质量综合特性和定量指标的度量模型。     

基于量化指标分析的软件质量度量方法

使用定量的软件质量度量能够为质量管理人员的决策提供数据的基础，并减少定性评价或者主观评价的片面性。本文基于ISO/IEC9126软件质量标准，在分析软件质量度量的量化指标的基础上，进行了软件质量度量方法的研究，完善了软件质量综合特性和定量指标的度量模型。     

基于灰色模糊综合评判的图书馆绩效评估研究

确定以客观合理作为指标体系选取原则,应用数学和管理理论与实际相结合的方法对图书馆进行绩效评价,选取硬件体系、软件体系及服务体系作为构成整体绩效的子指标体系,采用灰色模糊综合评判作为绩效指标体系的评价方法,建立模型,得出绩效测评度,根据测评度采取必要措施,并对其实用性和有效性进行了验证,为图书馆的绩效管理提供了理论支撑。     

基于模糊理论的登机桥结构方案优选研究与应用

基于模糊理论，提出了登机桥结构方案的优选方法；确定了评价指标集和评语集，基于改进的层次分析法确定了权重集，研究了不同因素的隶属度构造策略，从而建立了3级模糊综合评价模型，选出了最佳方案，验证了该评价方法的有效性和合理性．该评价方法为登机桥及其他类似机械产品的选择提供了依据。     

基于多层次未确知测度-集对分析的岩质边坡稳定性分级体系

应用未确知测度理论、层次分析和集对分析建立岩质边坡稳定性分级评级体系。根据边坡稳定性影响因素分级评价标准划分单指标隶属度,计算各指标权重与综合测度评价向量;应用集对分析理论优化置信度评价过程,同时引入同异反确定不确定体系,通过集对分析关联系数和集对势分析定量地给出露天岩质边坡稳定性分级。以实际露天边坡为例进行稳定性评价,并与未确知测度理论和层次-可拓模型进行比较。研究结果表明:评价结果满足工程要求,与实际情况相符;多层次未确知测度-集对分析综合评价体系能综合、客观地对岩质边坡稳定性进行分级。     

基于集对论和变权理论的高速公路安全系统评价

 针对高速公路安全事故频发的现状, 为有效地降低交通事故发生率, 建立健全高速公路管理机制, 对高速公路安全系统进行评价。通过对安全系统内各指标进行同、反、异三方面分析, 运用集对论确定联系度, 提出集对评价分析方法;基于高速公路安全体系实际情况, 建立惩罚-激励的指标权重确定方法, 与集对理论结合, 通过计算联系度, 确定了高速公路安全系统集对变权综合评价方法;通过对呼集高速公路安全系统进行实例评价。结果表明, 综合评价方法计算简便, 评价结果客观科学, 对公路系统安全评定方面具有一定的应用和推广价值。     

面向应用领域的软件质量特性分析

随着信息技术的快速发展, 软件质量已经成为用户最为关心的问题. 但由于目前较难证明软件产品的正确性, 因此一直没有一个令人信服的软件质量评价方法. 特别是已有的软件质量评价方法基本上都采用同一种评价指标对不同领域的软件进行评价, 缺乏对不同领域软件的个性化评价指标. 针对不同领域的软件质量需求和应用, 提出了不同的软件质量评价指标, 为建立面向领域的软件产品基准体系提供依据, 以满足软件产业发展的需要.     

一种软件质量评估的可拓集对分析法

在不确定信息处理集对分析(SPA)和可拓学理论的基础上,结合两种智能信息处理方法的优缺点,提出了一种新的不确定信息处理方法—可拓集对分析方法.该方法能有效地克服传统SPA集和可拓集中相关信息处理的不足和缺陷,更好地反映出不同事物之间确定、不确定及模糊变化和转化的规律和关系.将该方法应用在软件质量等级评价中,通过算例说明了该方法的计算过程,并比较了该方法的合理性和可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.