纳米氧化锌的制备及表面改性

以草酸与醋酸锌为原料,用室温固相合成法首先合成出前驱物二水合草酸锌,再经过460℃热分解2 h,得到纳米氧化锌.分别用十二烷基苯磺酸钠,硬脂酸钠对产物进行改性.通过X-射线粉末衍射、透射电镜对产物进行物相分析及形貌表征,用分光光度计研究了其在有机介质中的分散性.结果显示改性的纳米氧化锌粒径在30～70 nm,其分散性能明显好于未改性的纳米氧化锌.     

室温固相反应制备纳米氧化锌

以七水硫酸锌和碳酸氢铵为原料 ,用室温固相化学反应首先制备前驱物碳酸锌 ,然后在微波场的辐射下进行热分解 ,制得纳米氧化锌。用 X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜以及红外光谱对产物进行了表征。结果表明 :当硫酸锌和碳酸氢铵等摩尔混合后 ,微波辐射 2 0 min,可得到粒度分布均匀的球形六角晶系结构的纳米氧化锌 ,平均粒径约为 8nm。     

添加剂在制备纳米氧化锌中的作用

以硝酸锌和草酸为原料 ,添加不同种类表面活性剂 ,采用直接沉淀法合成出草酸锌前驱体。经热分解得到纳米氧化锌。用TEM检测粒径大小。实验结果表明 :添加 2 %的AES、Tween— 80、TX— 10 0和聚乙二醇— 40 0均能有效降低氧化锌粒径的大小 ,其中聚乙二醇— 40 0效果最好     

微波加热制备高分散性纳米氧化锌粉体

为了研究纳米氧化锌粉体干燥和热分解时的团聚问题,以硝酸锌和碳酸钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备前驱体,无水乙醇洗涤后,通过微波加热前驱体制备出了纳米氧化锌粉体。用TEM、FT—IR、TG—DTA、XRD等测试手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明：所得纳米氧化锌属于六方纤维矿的单晶结构,平均粒径为30nm,分布均匀,分散性好;无水乙醇洗涤和微波加热可有效避免纳米氧化锌粉体干燥和热分解时的团聚问题。并就微波加热和乙醇洗涤对产品分散性的影响机理做了初步探讨。     

外电场对氧化锌结构及性能的影响

用沉淀法制备了氧化锌前驱物,研究了外电场条件下前驱物结晶为纳米氧化锌的特征.以X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱仪对合成产物进行了结构形貌和发光性能表征.测试了纳米氧化锌极化产物在金黄色葡萄球菌中的抗菌性能.结果表明:外电场条件会明显影响氧化锌的结晶度和显微形貌,并调控氧化锌的极性生长.随着电场强度的增加,纳米氧化锌在391 nm处的紫外荧光光谱增强,且略有蓝移.电场极化对氧化锌抗菌性能具有一定的调控作用,极化电压为1.5 kV时,氧化锌极化试片具有最大的抑菌圈宽度(4.65 mm).     

绣球形纳米氧化锌的制备及表征

采用水热法以硝酸锌为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,同时加入表面活性剂,来制备绣球形纳米氧化锌。用SEM对制备的绣球形纳米氧化锌进行表征,发现得到绣球形氧化锌是由片状氧化锌自组装而成。通过改变锌盐的浓度、尿素的含量、反应时间、反应温度等条件,研究了这些条件对所得产物形貌的影响,并探讨了绣球形氧化锌的形成机理。在温度为120℃、时间为3～5h、锌盐的浓度为1.2mol/L条件下得到片状纳米氧化锌。随着锌盐浓度的增加,这些纳米片自组装成了绣球形氧化锌。     

微波辅助合成一维氧化锌纳米棒及其表征

采用微波辅助快速高效制备出具有高比表面积的花状结构一维氧化锌纳米棒.初步探讨了醋酸锌与六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)投料比、氨水(或氢氧化钠)的用量和微波加热时间对最终产物的形貌及粒径分布的影响.合成样品通过X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等方法对其结构、组成及形貌进行了表征,结果显示:氧化锌纳米棒为纯六方纤锌矿晶体结构,纳米棒直径为30～45 nm,长1～2μm.     

纳米氧化锌晶须的制备及光催化降解苯胺研究

研究纳米氧化锌晶须和氧化锌纳米粉末在紫外光光催化降解苯胺的能力,借助于色谱/质谱联用及紫外/可见光光谱对苯胺降解产物进行了分析.降解动力学研究结果表明,苯胺光降解符合准一级反应动力学规律,纳米氧化锌晶须催化反应速度比普通纳米粉末快,COD去除率高达89.4%;两者对苯胺光降解过程的中间产物相似,主要为醇类化合物,这些化合物进一步氧化为二氧化碳和少量聚合物.     

草酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管的合成与性质研究

以草酸为掺杂剂，以过硫酸胺为氧化剂，采用自组装的方法合成了聚苯胺纳米管，并利用SEM，TEM，IR，和XRD等测试手段对产物的结构和性能进行了表征．研究表明不同草酸和苯胺的摩尔比对产物的形貌有影响，合成的聚苯胺纳米结构具有一定的导电性．     

热爆法制取纳米氧化锌

以硝酸锌为原料，用过氧化氢氧化氧化锌得到过氧化锌，然后用热爆分解得到纳米氧化锌。用Ｘ射线粉末衍射及透射电子显微镜方法对它作了表征。纳米氧化锌的大小为（８－２０）ｎｍ×（５０－１００）ｎｍ，形状为针棒状。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.