等离子化学气相沉积硬膜技术研究

用等离子体化学气相沉积（ＰＣＶＤ）技术制备了ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ、Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）和（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ膜及其组合的多层膜。ＰＣＶＤ具有很好的覆盖性，ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ具有很好的耐磨、蚀性，膜与基体结合良好，因而用ＰＣＶＤ法在高速钢刀具、模具及轴承上沉积ＴｉＮ可大大提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）膜无明显柱状晶，其显微硬度高于ＴｉＮ亦可用于高速钢刀具、模具上提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ，晶     

等离子体增强磁控溅射离子镀TiN膜的电镜研究

利用透射电镜研究了铁基体等离子体增强磁控溅射离子镀ＴｉＮ膜的组织和结构。在沉积ＴｉＮ之前先镀一层极薄的钛中间层，继之再沉积ＴｉＮ。研究结果表明：在基体和中间层界面处有ＦｅＴｉ相；在中间层与后继膜的交接处α－Ｔｉ与Ｔｉ２Ｎ有结构匹配关系；靠近中间层的后继膜由Ｔｉ２Ｎ和ＴｉＮ两相组成；而远离中间层的后继膜部分是ＴｉＮ组成的。     

电子束在动态混合沉积TiN中的作用

在三束动态混合离子注入机中，研究了电子束对动态混合沉积ＴｉＮ薄膜的硬度，结合力和膜层结构的影响。结果表明，电子束增强了离子束的反应活力，保持了混合过程中温度的均匀性，整个沉积膜层中形成了均匀分布的细纤维状ＴｉＮ晶粒，显著提高了膜层的韧性和结合力。     

TiN/AlN纳米混合膜的微结构及力学性能

通过双靶轮流反应溅射的工艺方法制备了ＴｉＮ／ＡｌＮ纳米混合膜．采用ＸＲＤ衍射、ＴＥＭ和显微硬度等测试方法对ＴｉＮ／ＡｌＮ纳米混合膜的微结构和力学性能进行了研究．结果表明,ＴｉＮ／ＡｌＮ纳米混合膜的晶粒大小为１０～２０ｎｍ;薄膜总体表现出硬度增强效果,在ＴｉＮ∶ＡｌＮ（体积比）≈１∶１时,薄膜硬度获得极大值ＨＫ３２．２５ＧＰａ．     

TiN装饰膜发生透锈现象的探讨

从ＴｉＮ装饰膜的微观结构、毛细凝聚以及金属腐蚀原理,来探讨镀制在不耐蚀基材上的ＴｉＮ膜层易发生透锈现象的机理,并提出解决透锈的方法．     

用TiCl_3低温化学气相沉积TiN的实验研究

运用热力学对用ＴｉＣｌ３为钛源在低温下化学气相沉积ＴｉＮ的可行性进行了论证，着重介绍了实验研究及实验结果。在所设计的ＴｉＣｌ３生成以及ＴｉＮ形成的实验装置上，通过对ＨＣｌ（ｇ）与ＮＨ３的流量和沉积总压强的调节与控制，在较低的温度（５５０℃）下，在钢基材料上获得了ＴｉＮ表面涂层。此研究旨在推动钢制工模具低温化学气相沉积ＴｉＮ涂层的应用     

涂层成份及结构的X射线光电子谱分析

以硬质合金作为衬底，分别采用了化学涂层（ＣＶＤ）和物理化学涂层（ＰＣＶＤ）的技术涂复Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－ＴｉＮ硬质膜，应用Ｘ射线光电子谱分析（ＸＰＳ）技术，研究涂层表面化学成分、元素化学状态、物相组成及其随深度的变化。涂层表面由Ｔｉ，Ｎ，Ｃ，Ｏ和Ｃｏ组成；表面物相包括ＴｉＮ，ＴｉＯ＿ｘ及ＣｏＯ．随着深度的增加，Ｔｉ：Ｎ迅速变为１，而ＴｉＯ＿ｘ和ＣｏＯ含量急剧减少．     

合成TiN膜的俄歇电子能谱研究

采用离子束增强沉积方法（ＩＢＥＤ），在Ｆｅ基上制备了ＴｉＮ薄膜。通过划痕仪，透射电镜（ＴＥＭ），俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ），粘着力测量仪的观测，分析和计算，给出了膜的形貌，组分和机械特性；发现ＴｉＮ膜与衬底之间存在一过渡区，膜中含氧量比气相真空沉积（ＣＶＤ）明显减小。在ＡＥＳ定量计算中，本文采用一种与文献不同的方法，较为简便地处理了俄歇谱中Ｔｉ和Ｎ峰的重叠现象     

Si3N4/TiN纳米多层膜的超硬效应

采用磁控反应溅射工艺制备了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＴｉＮ陶瓷纳米多层膜,运用Ｘ射线衍射、航向电镜和显微硬度仪等对纳米多层膜的微结构、应力状态和硬度进行测试。研究结果表明,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＴｉＮ多层腹中,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４层为非晶态,ＴｉＮ层为晶态,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＴｉＮ多层膜的显微硬度既受调制周期＾的影响,同时又与调制比有关,当调制比ｌｓｉ３Ｎ４／ｌＴｉＮ＝３和调制周期＾＝１２．０ｎｍ左右时,多层膜的显微硬度达到最大值,其数     

离子渗氮提高硬质膜层与普通结构钢基体结合力的研究

选用４０Ｃｒ作基体材料，ＴｉＮ作膜层材料，在离子镀膜进行离子渗氮预处理，性能测试与结构分析证实渗氮层的可以缓解膜性质的差异，提高膜基结合力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-