考虑渗透水压力的黏土与混凝土接触面力学特性

采用大型直剪仪进行黏土与混凝土接触面的单向直剪试验,研究接触面在不同渗透水压力和法向应力作用下的力学特性,并对黏土与混凝土接触面的强度及应力变形特性进行分析,基于双曲线模型提出了考虑渗透水压力作用的黏土与混凝土接触面本构模型。结果表明:接触面的剪应力与相对剪切位移较好地满足双曲线关系,竖向位移表现为剪缩;接触面的抗剪强度与接触土体的饱和状态显著相关,当土体由非饱和状态过渡至饱和状态时,接触面抗剪强度随渗透水压力的增大显著降低;当接触土体趋于饱和时,抗剪强度随渗透水压力增大的降幅随之减小,且与有效法向应力间呈较好的线性关系;模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所提出的考虑渗透水压力作用下黏土与混凝土的接触面本构模型是合理的。     

基于扰动状态概念的桩-土接触面荷载传递模型

基于扰动状态概念(DSC),假定桩-土接触面单元中相对完整(RI)状态部分的抗剪强度服从线弹性理论,完全调整(FA)状态部分的抗剪强度服从理想塑性理论,进而建立桩-土接触面荷载传递模型.针对桩-土接触面进行了大型直剪试验,试验结果表明:桩-红黏土接触面剪切过程中,接触面表现出应变软化特性,且随着法向应力的增加,软化现象越明显;桩-粉质黏土接触面剪切过程中,接触面表现出轻微应变硬化特性.利用桩-土接触面荷载传递模型计算得到的剪切应力-剪切位移曲线(τ-s曲线)与直剪试验得到的τ-s曲线吻合较好,验证了基于DSC的桩-土接触面荷载传递模型具有较好的准确性与适用性.     

粉质黏土与再生混凝土接触面剪切特性试验研究

采用大型直剪仪进行粉质黏土与再生混凝土及普通混凝土的接触面剪切试验,用建筑垃圾和铁尾矿配制再生混凝土,接触面采用在粉质黏土上现浇混凝土形成,研究不同法向应力下接触面的剪切特性。试验结果表明：再生混凝土接触面的剪切位移-剪应力(w-τ)曲线与普通混凝土接触面的类似,接触面的抗剪强度与法向应力呈线性关系,在相同法向应力下再生混凝土接触面的抗剪强度大于普通混凝土接触面的抗剪强度,两种接触面的抗剪强度均小于土体自身的抗剪强度;接触面的初始剪切刚度模量随着法向应力的增加而增大,剪切刚度模量与大气压强的比值(G/Pa)和法向应力与大气压强的比值(σ/Pa)在双对数坐标系上呈线性关系。     

海口红黏土大型单剪试验研究

利用自制的大型单剪仪对海口红黏土重塑土样进行了不同含水率条件下的大型单剪试验,并用所获得的抗剪强度指标与直剪进行比较,大型单剪仪能更好地观察土体的变形特征及剪切破坏带。分析了红黏土抗剪强度指标在直剪、大型单剪试验中的异同,及其与含水率的变化关系。结果表明,海口红黏土的抗剪强度及其抗剪强度指标与含水率负相关,且含水率与黏聚力、内摩擦角的关系均能用二次函数进行拟合。其中,含水率对黏聚力的影响较大。此外,红黏土在单剪试验中的剪切破坏带随含水率的变化而变化,而直剪试验中的剪切面是人为固定的,这是造成红黏土单剪抗剪强度与内摩擦角低于直剪的原因。     

考虑结构表层粗糙度的混凝土桩-黏土界面剪切特性试验研究

为探讨结构物表层粗糙度对桩-土界面剪切特性的影响及其规律,基于砂纸规格及表面粗糙度指标的实测数据,构建砂纸规格与结构物表层粗糙度之间的指数化拟合模型,并得到相应的计算公式及参数。基于指数化拟合公式,利用不同规格砂纸模拟混凝土桩-黏土接触面处表层的粗糙度,采用ZJ型应变控制式直剪仪开展混凝土桩-黏土接触面直剪试验,定量分析粗糙度对混凝土桩-黏土界面剪切破坏、变形的影响。研究结果表明:混凝土桩-黏土接触面抗剪强度符合莫尔-库仑破坏准则,破坏形式表现为接触面剪切滑移破坏;在高法向应力作用下,接触面剪切破坏过程可分为"土体弹性剪切变形—接触面剪切滑移—土体弹塑性剪切变形"3个阶段;接触面抗剪强度随粗糙度的增加而呈幂函数关系增大,但随着法向应力的增大,粗糙度对抗剪强度的影响呈现减弱趋势,即粗糙度存在临界值。     

接触面粗糙度对红黏土-混凝土接触面力学性质的影响

在混凝土试块上设计了粗糙度不同的表面,以该表面作为土-混凝土接触面,并采用灌砂法测定了接触面粗糙度。利用大型直剪试验仪对红黏土-混凝土试块接触面进行了剪切试验,定量分析接触面粗糙度对接触面抗剪强度参数、接触面剪应力-切向位移关系以及红黏土剪胀(缩)性的影响。研究结果表明:接触面粗糙度对红黏土-混凝土接触面的内摩擦角影响不大。在接触面粗糙度增大至临界粗糙度的过程中,接触面黏聚力随粗糙度的增大而增大,并逐渐趋近于红黏土自身的黏聚力。接触面粗糙度对剪应力-切向位移关系影响较大。接触面粗糙度对接触面上部土体的影响范围是有限的。该极限影响范围对应于临界粗糙度。当接触面粗糙度小于临界值时,接触面粗糙度越大,其对接触面上部土体的影响范围越大。当接触面粗糙度超过临界值,该影响范围不再变化。法向应力较低时,红黏土主要表现出剪胀性。接触面粗糙度对红黏土剪胀(缩)性影响不大。     

不同土工合成材料加筋土界面的静动力直剪特性

为研究不同加筋材料对筋-土界面在静力、动力作用下的剪切特性的影响, 采用大型直剪仪对土工编织布、土工无纺布、土工膜加筋的加筋土界面进行了一系列单调直剪试验、循环直剪试验和循环后单调直剪试验, 并将单调直剪试验与循环后单调直剪试验的结果进行对比分析. 结果表明：单调直剪试验中, 界面剪应力-剪切位移关系由于加筋筋材力学特性与结构特征不同, 呈现出较大差别, 其中筋材在较大竖向应力的剪切过程中容易发生变形; 在循环剪切过程中, 土工编织布、土工无纺布界面抗剪强度发生了软化现象, 而土工膜界面抗剪强度则发生了硬化现象.     

砂砾石与结构接触面强度与变形特性试验研究

通过长江科学院和四川大学华西岩土仪器研究所针对实际工程中的砂砾石料与结构物所形成的接触面联合研制的大型叠环单剪仪,对砂砾石料与凝土接触面及夹泥皮混凝土接触面力学特性进行了相关试验研究.试验结果表明,泥皮的作用对结构接触面特征影响较大,在试验的法向应力范围内,砂砾石料与混凝土板接触面的剪应力与相对剪切位移呈现出较好的双曲线关系,可用Clough-Duncan双线性模型进行描述;而砂砾石料与夹泥皮的混凝土板的接触面试验在达破坏阶段后切向变形具有刚塑性的变形特征,可用殷宗泽刚塑性模型进行描述.     

硫酸对赤泥改良黄土剪切特性的影响

为了探究硫酸浓度对抗剪强度的影响,通过室内直接剪切试验测试赤泥改良黄土在不同浓度硫酸下的抗剪强度。将电阻率法应用到直剪试验中,分析剪切过程中电阻率和剪应力随剪切位移的变化趋势。同时探讨了硫酸侵蚀下不同垂直压力对电阻率和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:在不同的硫酸浓度下电阻率随剪切位移的增大快速增大,剪应力随剪切位移的增大而增大;相同浓度硫酸下,随垂直压力的增大电阻率和剪应力都增大。由抗剪强度和垂直压力的线性关系,得到硫酸侵蚀下赤泥改良黄土的抗剪强度指标;分析了抗剪强度与硫酸浓度之间的关系。     

不同膨胀比下高聚物抗剪强度试验研究

高聚物材料作为一种优良的注浆加固材料被逐步运用于岩土工程的众多领域,了解其强度和变形特性对深入了解高聚物注浆加固体的加固机理和综合强度有重要意义.基于此,采用直剪仪进行了不同膨胀比条件下高聚物的抗剪强度试验,研究了不同膨胀比下高聚物剪应力-位移、变形和强度特性.结果表明:高聚物膨胀比和竖向压应力对高聚物强度和剪胀特性影响较大;高聚物的剪应力-位移变化规律与黏土和砂土较为类似,剪切位移较小时剪应力快速上升,随后保持稳定;高聚物有与砂土十分接近的剪胀性,膨胀比和竖向压应力越低则剪胀性越明显;随着高聚物膨胀比的增加,其黏聚力和摩擦角均逐渐减小,近似呈幂函数关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.