考虑渗透水压力的黏土与混凝土接触面力学特性

采用大型直剪仪进行黏土与混凝土接触面的单向直剪试验,研究接触面在不同渗透水压力和法向应力作用下的力学特性,并对黏土与混凝土接触面的强度及应力变形特性进行分析,基于双曲线模型提出了考虑渗透水压力作用的黏土与混凝土接触面本构模型。结果表明:接触面的剪应力与相对剪切位移较好地满足双曲线关系,竖向位移表现为剪缩;接触面的抗剪强度与接触土体的饱和状态显著相关,当土体由非饱和状态过渡至饱和状态时,接触面抗剪强度随渗透水压力的增大显著降低;当接触土体趋于饱和时,抗剪强度随渗透水压力增大的降幅随之减小,且与有效法向应力间呈较好的线性关系;模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所提出的考虑渗透水压力作用下黏土与混凝土的接触面本构模型是合理的。     

饱和粉质黏土残余强度剪切速率效应试验研究

以三峡库区某滑坡滑带土为研究对象,通过环剪仪单级剪切试验研究不同法向应力条件(25～300kPa)下剪切速率(0.05～10mm/min)对饱和粉质黏土残余强度的影响,研究结果表明:在各法向应力条件下,残余强度均随剪切速率的增大而减小且两者呈非线性关系,表现出明显的负速率效应.研究发现:较低剪切速率(1mm/min)和较高法向应力(100kPa)时负速率效应更显著.试验数据分析表明:残余强度与剪切速率呈良好的对数关系,拟合出了同时考虑法向应力和剪切速率的正常固结条件下重塑饱和粉质黏土残余强度速率效应的经验公式及通用表达式.研究成果为饱和粉质黏土环剪残余强度取值提供参考.     

基于扰动状态概念的桩-土接触面荷载传递模型

基于扰动状态概念(DSC),假定桩-土接触面单元中相对完整(RI)状态部分的抗剪强度服从线弹性理论,完全调整(FA)状态部分的抗剪强度服从理想塑性理论,进而建立桩-土接触面荷载传递模型.针对桩-土接触面进行了大型直剪试验,试验结果表明:桩-红黏土接触面剪切过程中,接触面表现出应变软化特性,且随着法向应力的增加,软化现象越明显;桩-粉质黏土接触面剪切过程中,接触面表现出轻微应变硬化特性.利用桩-土接触面荷载传递模型计算得到的剪切应力-剪切位移曲线(τ-s曲线)与直剪试验得到的τ-s曲线吻合较好,验证了基于DSC的桩-土接触面荷载传递模型具有较好的准确性与适用性.     

考虑结构表层粗糙度的混凝土桩-黏土界面剪切特性试验研究

为探讨结构物表层粗糙度对桩-土界面剪切特性的影响及其规律,基于砂纸规格及表面粗糙度指标的实测数据,构建砂纸规格与结构物表层粗糙度之间的指数化拟合模型,并得到相应的计算公式及参数。基于指数化拟合公式,利用不同规格砂纸模拟混凝土桩-黏土接触面处表层的粗糙度,采用ZJ型应变控制式直剪仪开展混凝土桩-黏土接触面直剪试验,定量分析粗糙度对混凝土桩-黏土界面剪切破坏、变形的影响。研究结果表明:混凝土桩-黏土接触面抗剪强度符合莫尔-库仑破坏准则,破坏形式表现为接触面剪切滑移破坏;在高法向应力作用下,接触面剪切破坏过程可分为"土体弹性剪切变形—接触面剪切滑移—土体弹塑性剪切变形"3个阶段;接触面抗剪强度随粗糙度的增加而呈幂函数关系增大,但随着法向应力的增大,粗糙度对抗剪强度的影响呈现减弱趋势,即粗糙度存在临界值。     

红黏土与混凝土接触面剪切特性试验研究

采用大型直剪仪进行红黏土与混凝土接触面的单向直剪试验,研究不同法向应力与混凝土表面、不同粗糙度条件下接触面的力学特性,对红黏土与混凝土接触面的应力、应变及破坏形式进行分析。研究结果表明:随着接触面粗糙度的增大,接触面的抗剪强度以及残余强度增大,黏聚力增大,内摩擦角减小;在剪切初始,法向位移随着切向位移的增大而减小,表现为剪缩,之后随着切向位移的继续增大,法向位移增大,表现为剪胀,剪胀速率基本相同;在剪缩阶段,剪缩速率随着法向应力或粗糙度的增大而增大;在剪胀阶段,剪胀速率也随着粗糙度的增大而增大,随着法向应力的增大,剪胀速率基本不变。     

粗糙度对红黏土与混凝土接触面循环剪切特性的影响

为了研究结构表面粗糙度对土与结构接触面循环剪切特性的影响,采用大型直剪仪进行了不同粗糙度与不同法向应力条件下红黏土与混凝土接触面的循环剪切试验,分析粗糙度对接触面循环剪切应力与剪切体变的影响规律.试验结果表明:不同条件下接触面都呈现出循环剪切软化特征,同一循环周次接触面剪切强度随粗糙度的增大而增大;循环剪切过程中接触面表现出明显的剪缩特征,接触面最终剪缩量随粗糙度的增大而增大.随着循环次数的增加,接触面剪切刚度和阻尼比逐渐减小并趋于稳定.结构表面粗糙度的增大能提高接触面剪切刚度,但对接触面阻尼比的影响不明显.     

桩土接触面力学特性大型剪切试验

土与混凝土接触面力学特性直接影响到桩侧摩阻力的发挥,相关研究对抗拔桩设计及应用至关重要。采用大型剪切系统,设计试验剪切模型箱,通过将预制混凝土板置于剪切装置中,以模拟抗拔桩的实际受力情况,分别从剪应力-剪切位移曲线、接触面剪切强度及剪缩剪胀性3个角度进行对比分析。结果表明:剪应力达到峰值强度后随剪切位移的增加线性递减,且在不同法向应力作用下,减小速率近似相等;接触面最大剪应力随着法向应力的增大而增大,两者呈良好的线型关系,但随含水率的增大而减小;接触面抗剪强度随含水率的增大而逐渐减小,相同法向应力下其值远低于土体抗剪强度;当法向应力较小,土样含水率较低时,土体发生剪胀现象,而在其他条件下均为剪缩,法向应力越大,其剪缩量越大。     

土-土工织物界面摩擦特性试验研究

在DJS剪力仪上,利用常州产有纺土工织物分别对砂土(干砂)和黏土(2种不同含水量的黏土)进行了剪切试验,确定土—土工织物接触面的合理参数与性质.结果表明,界面抗剪强度与界面法向应力成线性关系,其大小与土的种类及含水量有关;界面剪应力τ与剪位移ΔL为非线性关系,可用双曲线来拟合.     

高塑性黏土与混凝土接触面剪切特性

通过高塑性黏土与混凝土接触面大型单剪和直剪试验,研究了高塑性黏土与结构接触面的剪切应力应变关系及强度参数.结果表明:单剪试验的剪应力剪应变和直剪试验的剪应力剪切位移呈双曲线关系;在对应垂直荷载作用下,直剪试验的抗剪强度大于单剪试验的抗剪强度;剪胀现象只在低垂直荷载时发生,且不明显;高塑性黏土达到抗剪强度后,在保持强度基本不变的情况下变形可以有很大的发展,表现出较强的变形适应能力和延展性能.     

尾矿土物理力学性质指标的相互关系

目的正确有效地确定尾矿土的抗剪强度,以保证尾矿库工程的稳定性.方法通过现场取样,然后在试验室进行土的物理及力学指标试验,研究尾粉砂、尾粉土、尾粉质黏土的含水率与孔隙比之间的关系以及含水率、孔隙比、干密度与抗剪强度指标之间的关系.结果随着含水率的增大,尾粉砂的孔隙比减小,尾粉土与尾粉质黏土的孔隙比增大;尾粉砂、尾粉土和尾粉质黏土的含水率与抗剪强度指标呈非线性关系;孔隙比、干密度与抗剪强度指标呈线性关系:随着孔隙比的增大,黏聚力与内摩擦角减小;随着干密度的增大,黏聚力与内摩擦角均增大.结论尾粉砂、尾粉土、尾粉质黏土的物理指标与抗剪强度指标之间存在相关性,在明确物理指标的情况下可以推断出相应的抗剪强度指标范围.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.