A general integrative model for scaling plant growth, carbon flux, and functional trait spectra

Linking functional traits to plant growth is critical for scaling attributes of organisms to the dynamics of ecosystems and for understanding how selection shapes integrated botanical phenotypes. However, a general mechanistic theory showing how traits specifically influence carbon and biomass flux within and across plants is needed. Building on foundational work on relative growth rate, recent work on functional trait spectra, and metabolic scaling theory, here we derive a generalized trait-based model of plant growth. In agreement with a wide variety of empirical data, our model uniquely predicts how key functional traits interact to regulate variation in relative growth rate, the allometric growth normalizations for both angiosperms and gymnosperms, and the quantitative form of several functional trait spectra relationships. The model also provides a general quantitative framework to incorporate additional leaf-level trait scaling relationships and hence to unite functional trait spectra with theories of relative growth rate, and metabolic scaling. We apply the model to calculate carbon use efficiency. This often ignored trait, which may influence variation in relative growth rate, appears to vary directionally across geographic gradients. Together, our results show how both quantitative plant traits and the geometry of vascular transport networks can be merged into a common scaling theory. Our model provides a framework for predicting not only how traits covary within an integrated allometric phenotype but also how trait variation mechanistically influences plant growth and carbon flux within and across diverse ecosystems.     

多阶段均值-方差投资组合选择问题研究

证券投资组合决策时会受到个人的或客观的重大因素的影响.考虑到决策时的这些因素,引入参数和贝叶斯理论,对终端财富增长倍数的期望均值和风险方差进行合理的权衡,建立一个多阶段均值-方差最有投资组合选择模型,利用逆向动态规划的方法进行研究,最终推导出其最优投资策略的解析表达式.     

沥青混合料黏弹性裂纹扩展

采用Schapery提出的局部衰坏区模型,推导了沥青混合料宏观裂缝稳定扩展阶段开裂速率的简单力学表达式.首先利用裂纹扩展3个基本方程控制裂缝在沥青混合料中的扩展行为,再采用修正Burgers力学模型来准确模拟沥青混合料黏弹性能,通过对黏弹性张开位移和断裂能判据的合理简化,推导出了沥青混合料宏观裂纹稳定扩展的瞬时开裂速率与应力强度因子的关系.然后利用推导出的裂纹扩展速率公式预测了沥青砂浆板拉伸开裂速率,并与试验结果对比.结果显示:理论预测的沥青砂浆开裂速率与试验实测值在裂缝稳定扩展阶段吻合较好;沥青混合料的断裂行为具有时间相关性,其开裂速率随裂缝长度的增加或者应力水平的提高而增大.     

奇异增长曲线模型中最小二乘估计的有效性

研究了奇异增长曲线模型中均值矩阵的最小二乘估计的效率问题，给出了均值矩阵的最小二乘估计相对于最佳线性无偏估计的偏差估计，定义了均值矩阵的最小二乘估计相对于最佳线性无偏估计的相对效率，并给出了它们的上界．     

Kronig-Penney模型的超对称伙伴势及其精确解

对Kron ig-Penney模型进行Darboux变换,获得了一种新的精确可解周期势能函数,给出了此新势的本征能量及对应的定态波函数。通过计算机的数值运算,给出了具体的一个有限深K-P模型的能带数值解,定量得出了其能带结构。     

电磁相互作用体系关联函数的一种新解法

本文从BBGKY理论出发,借助于试探粒子的概念,提出了电磁相互作用体系关联函数的一种新解法,本工作是Rostoker和Rosenbluth工作的推广,并由此导出了计及电磁效应的Balescu-Lenard方程.     

混合二阶隐马尔可夫模型的Baum-Welch算法

介绍了在观测噪声和马尔可夫链不相互独立的条件下混合二阶隐马尔可夫模型(HMM2)的结构.然后,研究了新模型的Baum-Welch算法,并导出了新模型的参数估计公式.       

永久美式封顶看涨期权的自由边界问题模型

首先利用无套利原理和Ito公式导出永久美式封顶看涨期权的一种定价模型,随后解出其显式解,同时给出问题中的参数对期权价格单调影响的数学证明和金融解释,最后利用这些结果得出非永久美式封顶看涨期权价格的一些性质。     

l~2序列空间上的非凸集稀疏正则化

利用l2序列空间上独立作用于已知序列的系数的加权的非二次罚项的Tikhonov正则化的正则化性质可以推导出保证罚项的适定的充分条件,而且重点是带有稀疏约束的求解算子方程的应用。从在罚项在零点的线性增长,可以证明所有正则化解的稀疏。     

纺织厂月度生产计划优化模型

建立了一个反映纺织厂特点的月度生产计划的线性规划模型。该模型以总利润最大作为目标，通过对利润系数的预测建立了目标函数，同时对产值、销售、原材料、布纱关系、设备生产能力和平均纱支数这些方面的约束都作出了描述。最后，对一个应用实例作了较详细的分析     

三叉树模型下欧氏衍生证券的风险度量

通过反映投资者对风险的不同偏好程度的主观概率,这里推导出具有两资产的三叉树模型下欧式衍生证券的风险度量。     

Microscopic theory of the extraordinary optical transmission

The phenomenon of extraordinary light transmission through metallic films perforated by nanohole arrays at optical frequencies was first observed a decade ago and initiated important further experimental and theoretical work. In view of potential applications of such structures--for example, subwavelength optics, optoelectronics devices, and chemical sensing--it is important to understand the underlying physical processes in detail. Here we derive a microscopic theory of the transmission through subwavelength hole arrays, by considering the elementary processes associated with scattering of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes by individual one-dimensional chains of subwavelength holes. Using a SPP coupled-mode model that coherently gathers these elementary processes, we derive analytical expressions for all the transmission spectrum characteristics--such as the resonance wavelength, the peak transmission and the anti-resonance. Further comparisons of the model predictions with fully vectorial computational results allow us quantitatively to check the model accuracy and to discuss the respective impacts of SPP modes and of other electromagnetic fields on producing the extraordinary transmission of light. The model greatly expands our understanding of the phenomenon and may affect further engineering of nanoplasmonic devices.     

高速公路车辆群模型与控制

本文提出了一个新的高速公路车辆群动态离散非线性模型,应用极大值原理推导了控制方案,并且针对我国大陆上第一条最长的高速公路——沈大公路进行了系统仿真,其结果对高速公路的管理提供了参考方案。     

海洋环境探测分析雷达远距离回波信号的谱处理

利用海洋环境探测分析雷达提取海况参数的过程中，谱处理有着重要的意义。本文采用简洁的奇异值分解法进行定阶，并用一种新颖的噪声补偿措施来改进Ｂｕｒｇ算法，计算机仿真和实测数据处理均表明：该方法不仅能提取出傅里叶变换（ＦＴ）方法无从提取的信号，而且比Ｂｕｒｇ算法处理效果更好，更准确。     

Influence of medium components on elastase production using crude sources by Bacillus sp. EL31410

A newly isolated strain EL31410,producing elastase(E.C3.4.4.7) with high elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp.In the medium optimization,it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon ad nitrogen source for enzyme production,respectively.Addition of com steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production.A fractional factorial design was ap-plied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production,and central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production.The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive cffect but soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect,on enzyme production.An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wheat bran and 9.4%（v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme produc-tion in batch culture.The time course of elastase production in the optimized medium composition was also de-scribed.     

考虑运转费用的奇异随机收获模型的最优控制问题

研究了一类奇异随机收获模型的最优收获控制策略及相应的最优回报函数问题.在收获效益期望值的结构中,首次把系统中的运转费用这一重要因素考虑进去,运用随机分析的方法给出了最优回报函数应满足的充分性定理,并且在一定条件下得出了最优收获策略及最大回报函数的具体形式.     

Pricing Stochastic Barrier Options under Hull-White Interest Rate Model

A barrier option valuation model with stochastic barrier which was regarded as the main feature of the model was developed under the Hull-White interest rate model.The purpose of this study was to deal with the stochastic barrier by means of partial differential equation methods and then derive the exact analytical solutions of the barrier options.Furthermore,a numerical example was given to show how to apply this model to pricing one structured product in realistic market.Therefore,this model can provide new insight for future research on structured products involving barrier options.     

脉冲响应函数的识别方法

利用伪随机二进制数即M序列作为系统的输入，用离散相关分析理论，推证并提出一种适用于计算机对非参数模型──脉冲响应函数的离线识别方法。     

不对称倍压整流电路的S域分析

利用倍压整流电路的S域模型设计一种算法,详细推导不对称倍压整流电路的充电过程,导出定量计算电容器电压的数学表达式,利用所得表达式对对称,非对称倍压整流电路进行讨论,绘出了电容器电压充电曲线,并证明达到倍压目的所经历的充电周期数。     

基于遗传算法的时序混合模型的参数估计

本文对时间序列中所表现的非高斯性进行了探讨，提出了EMTD模型，利用混合指数分布函数对时间序列建模，给出了EMTD模型的一阶矩、二阶矩平稳性条件．利用遗传算法对模型的参数进行了估计，并推导了参数的标准误差．