利用ATM网络承载MPEG—2业务

随着ATM技术和信源编码技术的成熟，使得视听业务的广泛应用成为可能。主要讨论了恒定比特率或可变比特率的MPEG－2网络上的传输而引出的适配层的选择、MPGE－2帧的封装、ATM业务类型的选择以及时延与抖动的控制，接受方如何恢复时钟与实现帧同步等问题。     

一种卫星ATM网络MAC协议

针对使用ATM技术的宽带通信卫星，该文提出了一种为地球同步轨道（GEO）采用ATM技术的宽带通信卫星设计，但并不仅限于GEO卫星应用的新型媒体接入控制（MAC）协议。对于实时与非实时可变比特率（rt／nrt—VBR）业务，采用可变速率按需分配（variable—rate DAMA）的方式；而对未定比特率（UBR）业务，采用随机发送与捎带相结合的混合接入方式。OPNET^TM仿真结果表明，通过采用星上处理（OBP）和自适应MAC技术，下一代卫星将会在时延和吞吐量等指标上获得可观的性能改进。     

基于包头信息的MPEG-2视频压缩算法优化

MPEG-2视频编码标准采用基于运动估计和补偿的自适应DCT变换.其头信息,包括运动矢量和编码模式在内,在以低码率编码视频时常常占用太大的比特率,以致降低视频质量.本文提出的基于包头信息的MPEG-2视频压缩优化算法降低了MPEG-2视频编码中的头信息和运动矢量的比特数占有率,提高了对DCT系数的比特数分配,保证了低码率下的视频图像质量,同时也很好地保持了与现有MPEG-2解码器的兼容性.     

率失真最优自适应量化及其系数阈值的设定

在最大PSNR的情况下,针对I帧最优编码,提出了一种实用的MPEG-2自适应量化算法.该方法包括自适应量化,系数的阈值设置和一种新的量化系数减小技术共3个模块.结果表明,和TM5方式比较,该优化方法对I帧编码改善了1.5～2dB的图像质量.     

MPEG-2视频解码器中的错误隐藏技术

视频信号无论从空域还是时域都有很强的相关性,因此传输视频信号除了加纠错码外,在接收端的错误隐藏技术对提高重构图像质量也是十分有效的。该文提出了一个支持错误隐藏技术的MPEG-2(movingpictureexpertgroup)视频解码器的设计方案,用该方案进行的仿真实验证明其是可行的。同时基于图像信号的相关性、光滑性及一致性的假设,分别对MPEG-2的I-帧、P-帧和B-帧图像提出了相应的错误隐藏技术。此外通过分析直流系数的错误结果后,提出了直流系数的错误隐藏方法。该文算法简单,适于实时处理,峰值信噪比PSNR比一般传统方法平均高出2～3dB。     

一种新的变比特率MPEG视频的多漏桶管制

研究如何对在ＡＴＭ网络中传输变比特率的ＭＰＥＧ视频流进行管制．提出了一种ＡＴＭ环境下基于变比特率ＭＰＥＧ编码特征Ｉ、Ｂ、Ｐ帧的多漏桶管制方法．与一般的漏桶方法相比,此方法能较准确地表征变比特率ＭＰＥＧ视频的业务特征,提高网络资源的利用率．实验结果表明,在相同的令牌池大小或业务负荷时,多漏桶模型的信元丢失率更低,因而多漏桶监控较为准确,可更有效地利用网络的缓冲和带宽资源．多漏桶模型可以通过改变各漏桶的相对大小来改变各帧信元的丢失分布,以此获得更好的主客观质量．     

IPoverATM技术分析

本文着重介绍了ATM技术与IP技术的相关概念,ATM技术和IP技术主要的工作原理,以及这两种数据传输方式的区别与联系,本文最核心的部分是介绍ATM技术与IP技术在现阶段数据通信业务中是怎样结合在一起的,对两种技术相结合的工作模型和工作流程进行分析.通过以上各部分的论述,我们可以基本上了解现阶段数据通信在甘肃电力信通公司宽带业务中的应用.     

基于离散余弦变换直流分量的盲视频水印方案

利用离散余弦变换(DCT)直流系数稳定的特点,提出了一种通过调整视频图像的分块DCT直流系数来隐藏水印的方法.将选取的视频帧以8×8像素进行分块,根据掩蔽矩阵来选取需要嵌入的水印块.把选中的图像块再以4×4像素细分为4个互不重叠的小图像块,通过调整它们的DCT直流系数的值来嵌入水印.实验结果证明,所提方法具有很强的鲁棒性且计算简单,能抵抗缩放、帧删除、多次视频压缩、转换压缩编码格式、共谋攻击、删除行或列等有意和无意的攻击,特别是MPEG-2压缩比特率为4 Mb/s时,从3幅不同类型的图像中提取的水印相关值分别达到了0.996 1、0.996 1和0.986 3.     

传送流无缝拼接技术

明确了在MPEG-2传送流(TS)无缝拼接技术中拼接点选择、信息一致性、音视频同步和缓冲区溢出等关键问题,并针对上述问题提出了基于系统层和基于基本层的无缝拼接方案.基于系统层的方案算法简单,计算量小,运算速度快,但对拼接点的选择要求较高,灵活性较差;基于基本层的方案能够实现以帧为单位的无缝拼接,可以随意选择拼接点,但需用到转换编码技术,算法较复杂,计算量较大.实验表明,2种方案都可以实现TS流无缝拼接,得到的拼接流符合MPEG-2标准.     

MPEG-4码率控制方案的改进研究

针对低码率、低时延视频通信中MPEG-4 Q2码率控制方案导致的图像质量波动问题,利用拉格朗日乘子法,提出了一个率失真优化的目标比特估计算法(LAG-BA),根据前一帧图像的编码信息和虚拟缓存器状态预测当前帧的目标比特数.LAG-BA不但降低了连续图像质量变化的幅度,而且保证了算法与输入图像内容的自适应性.针对LAG-BA的误差累积效应,根据最小二乘支持向量机的原理,进一步提出了一个考虑到多个相关图像编码信息的目标比特估计算法(LSSVM-BA),并用LAG-BA和LSSVM-BA取代MPEG-4 Q2方案中的比特分配算法设计了两个改进的MPEG-4 Q2方案.实验结果表明,与原始的MPEG-4 Q2方案相比,两种改进的MPEG-4 Q2方案不但取得了更加平稳的图像质量,而且分别使编码的峰值信噪比提高了0.12 dB和0.44 dB.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to