基于拉普拉斯能量的低质量手写体文档图像二值化

文档图像二值化是文档分析与识别中的一个重要环节。本文针对低质量手写体文档图像提出了一种二值化算法,算法首先对文档进行相位保持降噪并计算背景修复模板,然后用图像修复算法和形态学闭运算估计文档背景,用背景补偿算法提高文档对比度,接着用背景补偿后的文档图像构造拉普拉斯（laplacian）能量,最后采用图割算法求得最终二值化结果。实验结果表明,本文所构造拉普拉斯能量能够较准确地区分文字和背景,所提二值化算法在DIBCO2018数据集中的实验结果优于同类算法。     

基于对比度归一化的历史文档图像二值化算法

多数历史文档图像存在背景污渍、涂抹和字迹模糊等对比度较低的情况,从而给历史文档二值化增加了较大难度。前期研究发现,历史文档中文本内容通常与文档背景的亮度水平不同,利用文档背景估计值可以有效削弱退化区域并突出字符信息,根据这两个观点,本文提出了一种基于对比度归一化的历史文档图像二值化算法。所提出的方法包含三个步骤,首先采用图像修复算法和Niblack算法结果来粗略估计背景,然后使用文档背景对历史文档图像存在的不同退化类型进行归一化处理,并对归一化处理后的文档图像进行增强、二值化,将文档中的文本分割出来。采用DIBCO数据库和H-DIBCO数据库对所提出的算法进行测试,取得了较好的实验结果。     

傣文贝叶经的图像增强与二值化方法研究

为了解决贝叶经图像背景不均匀及字符与背景颜色对比度较低给其二值化带来的困难,提出一种图像增强与Sauvola算法相结合的方法.首先使用同态滤波处理贝叶经图像背景不均匀的现象,然后使用灰度线性变换对其进行对比度增强,最后再使用Sauvola算法对贝叶经图像进行二值化.实验结果表明,同态滤波、灰度线性变换与Sauvola算法相结合的方法有效地解决了贝叶经图像背景不均匀和低对比度的问题,得到了清晰的二值化结果,适合于贝叶经图像的图像增强与二值化.     

图像增强技术在古籍图书电子化中的应用

为提高古籍图书电子化的处理质量,文章以带插图的书页和具有背景干扰的书页为处理对象,使用二值化法、直方图均衡法和对比度拉伸法对书页进行图像增强处理,并使用Visual Studio 2010软件和Open CV进行实验.结果表明:带插图的古籍书页适合采用对比度拉伸法处理,带背景干扰的书页适合采用二值化法处理.     

基于图像处理的微生物数量估算方法

为了克服现有微生物数量测定方法的局限性,配合生物医学科研工作,解决研究过程中微生物数量的有效、快速统计问题,针对显微镜下的菌群提出了一种基于图像像素面积统计的微生物数量估算快速算法.对显微镜下拍摄微生物培养皿图像采用去噪、去除背景、对比度补偿、二值化等图像处理步骤,对图像中的微生物主体进行提取,将微生物数量统计转化为对二值图像中像素面积的统计,从而估算出图像中微生物的个数.该算法解决了复杂背景下的目标识别问题,完成了复杂噪声中有效去除背景、凸显目标的任务.实验表明,该估算方法方便快捷、易于实现,误差较小,估算结果比较稳定,满足实用性要求.     

基于小波去噪和直方图模板均衡化的手指静脉图像增强

提出一种手指静脉图像增强算法. 该算法包括去噪、 对比度增强和二值化. 在去噪部分, 根据小波变换后各频带的不同特点, 结合手指静脉的特点, 分别设计了不同的去噪策略; 在增强部分, 设计了一种新的方法, 称为灰度直方图模板均衡化方法, 较好地增强了静脉和背景的对比度; 在二值化部分, 采用了OTSU方法. 实验表明, 该算法能有效的增强图像的对比度, 改善图像的质量.     

一种改进的阈值递增的人眼定位算法

提出一种复杂背景下灰度图像的人眼定位算法.首先对基于均衡处理后的图像估计出初始阈值;其次采用阈值递增法逐次二值化图像,并对二值图像中的黑块逐一标记;然后用人眼位置判定准则确定可能的人眼区域,用相似度准则从中标记出两眼黑块;最后,针对该算法进行了仿真研究.     

改进背景补偿的车牌图像二值化算法

针对车牌自动识别系统中二值化车牌图像时常出现字符光照不均等复杂特征,提出一种新的解决方法.首先使用同态滤波减弱车牌图像光照不均等带来的影响,然后通过改进的背景补偿算法对车牌图像进行二值化.实验表明,该方法能有效克服光照不均等带来的影响,二值化效果良好.     

一种基于色彩恒常理论的薄雾图像增强方法

针对薄雾天气下的图像对比度较低,以及光照不均引起的颜色退化失真问题,提出了一种基于色彩恒常理论的薄雾图像增强方法。该方法将Frankle_McCann Retinex(FMR)算法与光照补偿算法系统地结合。首先利用FMR算法来提高图像对比度,再采用光照补偿方法,将彩色图像从RGB空间转换至HSV空间,对亮度分量进行直方图均衡处理;再转回RGB空间,以此提高图像亮度同时保留色彩真实性。实验表明,此方法比传统FMR算法能更有效去除色彩失真,改善退化细节,获得良好视觉效果。     

基于暗原色先验的低照度图像增强

低照度图像亮度低、对比度低、细节信息缺失,对后续处理造成不便。针对这种情况,提出一种基于改进的暗原色先验低照度图像增强算法。采用输入图像暗通道的最大值估计大气光值,并用输入图像暗通道替代用大气光值来归一化输入图像,以其暗通道估计透射率,提高了算法效率。对输入图像取反,得到一副类似雾化的图像,用暗原色先验去雾,将结果再次取反,得到增强图像。暗原色先验会放大图像噪声,引入导向滤波实现保边去噪。实验结果表明,算法能有效增强低照度图像,提高图像亮度、对比度和突出图像细节信息。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.