手性相转移催化剂的设计与催化性能比较

介绍了近几年设计的手性相转移催化剂,包括手性季铵盐、季钅盐、手性冠醚、金属配合物等,并以二苯亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的不对称烷基化反应为模板,对它们的催化性能进行了比较.     

相转移催化不对称诱导合成α-氨基酸

在固液两相体系.分别以手性和非手性季铵盐为相转移催化剂,以各种α-溴代脂肪酸薄荷醇酯为手性底物,通过与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾的Gabriel反应,合成了4种具有光学活性的α-氨基酸,对比了在各种不对称诱导条件下产物的光学纯度.     

L-色氨酸衍生的手性相转移催化剂的合成及其不对称诱导效应

以L-(-)-色氨酸为原料,经酯化、季铵化合成了4种手性季铵盐,以L-色氨酸甲酯为原料,经还原、季铵化合成了2种手性季铵盐;6种手性季铵盐对苯甲醛与氯仿的亲核加成反应。显示出良好的相转移催化作用和一定的不对称诱导效应。     

手性相转移催化不对称烃基化反应

该文介绍了目前普遍使用的手性季胺盐、手性冠醚等手性相转移催化剂及聚合物支载的手性相转移催化剂，综述了近几年国内外手性相转移催化不对称烃基化反应的最新进展，并介绍了催化剂、温度、溶剂、浓度和磁场等因素对该类烃基化反应的化学产率、光学产率的影响．     

12种手性季铵盐的制备及其不对称催化作用的探讨

本文报道12种手性季铵盐的制备,其中5种为新化合物.在固—液相转移条件下,通过Cabriel反应研究这些手性季铵盐作为催化剂的不对称诱导效果,并探讨催化剂的结构对反应立体选择性的影响.     

利用相转移催化法合成2.4.6—三溴苯基不对称醚

我们根据相转移催化原理,用季铵盐为催化剂于两相体系中进行操作,用烷化试剂烷化2.4.6—三溴苯酚方便地转变为相应的不对称醚,其中一些醚的收率高,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ是新的化合物。     

利用相转移催化法合成2.4.6—三溴苯基不对称醚

我们根据相转移催化原理,用季铵盐为催化剂于两相体系中进行操作,用烷化试剂烷化2.4.6—三溴苯酚方便地转变为相应的不对称醚,其中一些醚的收率高,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ是新的化合物。     

相转移催化双不对称诱导合成α■氨基酸(Ⅱ)

在固液两相体系,以手性和非手性季铵盐为相转移催化剂,研究了各种α-溴代脂肪酸龙脑酯与邻苯二甲酰亚胺的Gabriel反应,得到4种具有光学活性的α-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基羧酸酯、以肼解、水解后得到4种具有光学活性的α-氨基酸,光学纯度最高为47.4％,并观察到手性识别和双不对称诱导效应。     

季铵盐A-1催化合成邻硝基苯甲酸

研究了季铵盐A-1催化高锰酸钾氧化邻硝基甲苯,合成邻硝基苯甲酸的反应,考察了不同相转移催化剂的催化活性、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、KMnO4用量和反应体系酸碱性对反应的影响.在优化反应条件下,即以季铵盐A-1为相转移催化剂,高锰酸钾与邻硝基甲苯的量比为2.5∶1,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为3h,在中性条件下进行反应,产物收率可达95%.实验结果表明,季铵盐A-1对于高锰酸钾氧化邻硝基甲苯合成邻硝基苯甲酸,是1种优良的相转移催化剂.     

聚合物手性试剂的合成及应用

报道了近年来聚合手性试剂的合成及应用发展情况,并结合自身工作评述了Ｅｖａｎｓ恶唑烷酮手性助剂,莰烷类手性试剂、恶唑啉手性试剂、Ｃ２－对称胺于性试剂以及手性季铵盐类相转移催化剂等聚合物手性试剂的和于不对称合成的研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.