高产纤维素酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件研究

从霉变的玉米芯中筛选到一株高产纤维素酶的菌株，经18S rRNA基因序列分析和菌株形态特性分析，确定该菌株为灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus)．利用固体纤曲培养产生纤维素酶，研究了培养基起始pH值、培养温度、培养时间、接种量、氮源、稻草粉与麸皮比例、表面活性剂等对菌株产酶的影响．在最适条件下菌株培养72h后，羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活力高达6812U／g(干曲．下同)，滤纸酶活力(FPA)达172U／g．利用该菌株对蔗渣进行分解．其糖化率达36．4％．     

纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及其固态发酵初步研究

用预处理的天然纤维素为碳源，从土壤中定向筛选出8株产纤维素酶能力较强的真菌，选取其中CMC糖化力（CMCase)和滤纸糖化力（FPA）均较高的JZ－H进行固态发酵实验，初步研究发现：该菌以杂草为碳源、（NH4）2SO4和蛋白胨为氮源、500mL三角瓶装干料10g、自然pH、30℃培养72h，发酵物的CMCase达128.5IU/g,FPA达75.8U/g。     

一株纤维素酶产生菌的固态发酵初步研究

用预处理的天然纤维素为碳源，从土壤中筛选出8株产纤维素酶能力较强的真菌，选取其中CMC糖化力(CMCase)和滤纸糖化力(FPA)均较高的JZ—H进行固态发酵实验，初步研究表明，该菌以杂草为碳源，(NH4)2S04和蛋白胨为氮源，500mL三角瓶装干料10g，自然pH，30℃培养96h，发酵物的CMcase达128．5IU／g，FPA达75．8U／g，蛋白质增加13．5％．     

一株耐高温纤维素降解菌的分离筛选及鉴定

为了分离筛选耐高温的纤维素高效降解菌,从鸡粪蘑菇渣高温堆肥中取样,采用滤纸富集培养基进行富集培养、刚果红纤维素培养基进行分离纯化培养、滤纸条培养基和刚果红纤维素培养基进行初筛培养、液体发酵测定纤维素酶活法进行复筛培养,利用形态特征观察、生理生化特征检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析法进行初步鉴定,结果分离筛选到1株耐高温纤维素降解菌XD-3.该菌株在50 ℃生长良好、羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活力达6.14±0.37 U/mL.综合形态特征、生理生化特性、基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析,菌株XD-3初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）.     

产碱性纤维素酶真菌产酶条件的研究

研究了碱性纤维素酶生产菌株镰刀霉菌(Fusarum Sp.)的产酶条件.结果表明:该菌株产碱性纤维素酶的适宜碳源为1%麦杆粉+1%可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为O.2%的(NH_4)_2SO_4加0.1%的酵母粉,接种量为5%,培养时间为72 h,培养温度为46℃,培养基初始pH为8.0.在最适宜的条件下,培养液中内切葡聚糖酶活力可达到1.29 IU/mL,而天然纤维素酶活力和滤纸酶活力却很低.具有这种组分结构的碱性纤维素酶系统在棉织品的生物整理及洗涤剂工业中具有良好的应用前景.     

产纤维素酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

对一株产纤维素酶菌株进行分离鉴定,并对其酶学特性进行了初步研究.刚果红染色法筛选产纤维素酶菌株B16,采用形态观察、生理生化指标和16S rDNA确定其菌属来源,分析纤维素酶的最适反应pH值和温度、酸碱和热稳定性、金属离子对酶活性的影响,最后考察纤维素酶系的分布.结果表明:筛选菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,其较适反应温度为30℃,较适pH 8.0,在10~60℃呈高稳定性,在pH 5~8时稳定性较强,Mn2+和Ba2+是该酶的激活因子.除微晶纤维素酶活力(16.39 U/mL)稍弱外,滤纸酶(70.37 U/mL)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(131.55 U/mL)、羧甲基纤维素酶(307.23 U/mL)活力均相对较高.结果表明,该酶在饲料添加剂方面具有应用潜力.     

纤维素分解菌——青霉和放线菌的分离选育研究

在平凉县的一蘑菇房里采集了用来种植蘑菇的潮湿木屑粉.用纤维素刚果红鉴别培养基初筛,根据水解圈与菌落直径之比大小和水解圈清晰度分离筛选出较多的产纤维素酶菌株,进一步通过测纤维素酶活力复筛,最终筛选出滤纸酶活力和羧甲基纤维素酶活力同时都较高的菌株2株,分别是27-3F (FPA:199.12U,CMCase activity:1181U)和27-1A(FPA:110.54U,CMCase activity:908.2U).经形态学鉴定菌株27-3F是青霉。菌株27-1A是为放线菌的链霉菌属.     

一株纤维素降解菌的分离和鉴定

为得到降解纤维素能力较强的细菌,以腐殖土壤为菌株来源筛选、分离纤维素降解细菌。对所取土样稀释一定比例进行涂布平板,以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）为唯一碳源培养,用刚果红染色的方法筛选有透明圈的菌株,得到一株编号为YBX-52的纤维素降解细菌。在产酶培养基中以30 ℃培养48 h,用DNS法测得滤纸酶活力(FPA)为221.75 μmol/min、羧甲基纤维素酶活力(CMC)为274.56 μmol/min。以16 SrDNA通过序列对比,构建YBX-52系统发育树,结合其生理生化特征将其鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。     

高温纤维素分解菌的分离和鉴定

为了研制高效生物增温剂和生产高温纤维酶制剂,试验采用CMC培养基和发酵培养基,从猪粪和麦秸秆自然堆肥中分离出高温纤维素分解菌,测定羧甲基纤维素酶活(CMCase)和滤纸酶活(FPase)并对分离到的菌株进行18S rRNA基因分析.结果表明HZ2菌株CMCase,Fpase都较高,通过18S rDNA序列分析发现HZ2...     

康宁木霉液态发酵高产纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的研究

对选育的一株康宁木霉（Trichoderma koningii）QF-02进行了液态发酵生产纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的研究。实验结果表明：碳源的种类及性质是影响产酶的关键因素,价廉易得的天然稻草是其产酶的良好碳源。在培养基组成为40目稻草粉4g、Mandels营养液100mL、起始pH值4.8的优化培养条件下,摇瓶培养120h所得3种酶的平均活力分别为：滤纸酶活（FPA）1.43IU/mL, β-葡萄糖苷酶活0.36IU/mL, 木聚糖酶活176.8IU/mL。与商品纤维素酶制剂相比,在FPA载量相同(3FPU/g原料)的情况下,自制的复合酶在水解碱预处理稻草和天然稻草时,总还原糖产量比商品纤维素酶提高55%和40%,葡萄糖产量提高33%和12%。研究结果还表明木聚糖酶和纤维素酶具有协同酶解木质纤维素的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.