基于反向传播神经网络的Ad Hoc网络PID拥塞控制

为了改进比例积分微分(PID)控制在Ad Hoc网络主动队列管理(AQM)中的动态性能,优化PID控制参数的整定,该文提出了一种基于反向传播神经网络的PID拥塞控制AQM方案。该文将Ad Hoc网络的分组丢弃分为拥塞丢弃和无线丢弃,考虑分组的到达与丢失为流体,推导了拥塞窗口和队列长度的随机微分关系,通过小扰动线性化理论,获得Ad Hoc网络AQM拥塞控制模型。根据该模型,设计了基于反向传播神经网络(BPNN)的PID队列控制器,该算法可以根据网络状况对控制器PID系数进行自适应的调整。MATLAB和网络模拟器(NS)仿真表明,在突发流、链路容量及时延时变的Ad Hoc网络中,新算法在收敛速度和队列抖动上优于PID。     

几种典型主动队列管理(AQM)算法

网络拥塞控制按照不同的标准可以分为不同的控制机制和相应的拥塞控制策略.主动队列管理(AQM)算法是一种运行于网络中心节点的积极的闭环控制的链路算法.RED(随机早期丢弃)算法是IEIF推荐的主动队列管理算法的唯一侯选算法,然而算法在响应速度、稳定性等方面仍有缺陷.阐述了当前拥塞控制算法和几种典型的主动队列管理AQM算法,分析总结原始的RED算法的不足.     

IP拥塞控制RED算法性能仿真分析

IP层实现的主动队列管理（AQM）方案已经成为目前拥塞控制算法研究中的热点。文中对AQM的惟一候选算法，即随机早期检测（RED）进行了研究，并基于OPNET仿真实验，比较和分析了不同网络环境和参数设置下RED算法的性能。仿真结果表明，RED算法对网络的拥塞变化反应较缓慢。进而，运用控制理论对RED性能的改善进行了讨论。     

一种基于模糊-比例积分双模控制的主动队列管理算法

通过将模糊推理方法和PI算法相结合,提出了一种新的主动队列管理(AQM)算法--基于模糊-比例积分(Fuzzy-PI)的双模态控制主动队列管理算法--Fuzzy-PI AQM算法.该算法的基本思想是当偏差很大时,使用模糊逻辑控制,当偏差小于某一阈值时,则切换到PI控制,从而将模糊逻辑控制的鲁棒性强和收敛速度快的特点与PI控制稳态性能好的特点有机地结合起来,实现对网络拥塞的有效控制.而且,由于在设计模糊控制器时采用了合成推理的查表法,极大地提高了模糊控制的实时效果,节省内存空间,优化了路由器的控制性能.仿真结果表明:Fuzzy-PI AQM算法的性能优于传统的PI算法,对队列控制能力强,鲁棒性好,能很好地抵抗突发性业务的干扰,更适合工作在瞬息万变的动态网络环境中.     

Internet拥塞控制系统的自整定PID控制器

把Internet网络拥塞控制系统看作一个具有时滞的闭环反馈系统,建立了一个PID控制器作为网络的主动队列管理(AQM)策略调节网络连接节点的拥塞率.网络系统利用时间误差平方积分准则调整PID控制器的参数,使控制器能在线自适应网络系统中的变化,从而有效地控制网络系统的数据传输.仿真表明新的AQM策略能很好地把连接节点的队列控制到期望的队列长度,并且对网络的负载扰动和参数变化具有很强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于模糊排队论的网络拥塞控制算法

在分析和比较现有的主动队列管理(AQM)的网络拥塞控制算法基础上,将模糊控制理论与排队论相结合,提出了一种适合于动态控制队列长度的拥塞控制算法。该算法根据路由器中队列长度的变化情况,对源端数据包的丢弃概率进行模糊控制,从而避免网络拥塞,提高路由器处理的实时性。通过matlab仿真,验证了此算法能够减小排队的延时、提高带宽利用率以及稳定队列的长度。     

输入受限的非线性网络系统全局滑模控制

针对动态TCP网络的拥塞问题,在输入受限情况下,基于全局滑模控制理论设计了一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法.该算法消除了滑模控制的到达阶段,保证网络系统在整个控制过程中的鲁棒性.对于TCP/IP网络中存在的网络模型的不确定、网络参数的时变性以及非TCP适应流所引起的网络振动,该算法可以获得良好的暂态和稳态响应.仿真结果表明该算法可以使队列长度快速收敛到设定值,同时维持较小的队列振荡,尤其是在网络条件变化的情况下,该算法优于传统的PI控制和滑模控制.     

基于H∞控制的主动队列管理算法

针对网络参数的不确定性和链路带宽的时变性,设计了一种主动队列管理(AQM)算法.该算法将可获得的链路带宽作为标称值,而不可获得的未知时变链路带宽作为干扰信号, 以状态空间的形式描述TCP/AQM模型,用时间域H∞控制方法解决网络拥塞问题.NS2仿真结果表明,该算法在往返时间时变和具有扰动业务流情况下,能够快速收敛于期望队列长度,且性能优于已有的控制算法.     

一种新的主动队列管理拥塞控制策略

通过对主动队列管理非线性模型进行线性化处理，并在此基础上采用延时反馈系统控制理论，提出了一种基于延时反馈的AQM策略，评估分析了该策略的稳定性和网络性能的优化。仿真结果表明，这种新的拥塞控制策略对抑制网络拥塞有明显效果，能够显著提高网络性能。     

基于拥塞预测门限的主动队列管理算法

为解决Drop Tail网关在拥塞后性能剧烈下降的问题,使新算法能简单地实现,并能根据网络状况变化自适应调整参数,提出了一种带显式拥塞指示(ECN)的主动队列管理(AQM)算法——带宽-延时积队列(BDPQ).该算法通过监视瓶颈网关中的缓存队列长度来判断拥塞状况,以带宽-延时积作为拥塞预测门限,如果缓存队列超过该门限,则根据显式拥塞指示策略标记离开队列的分组来向源TCP通知拥塞.仿真结果表明,该算法具有高的链路利用率、较低的平均队列和丢失率,以及较好的公平性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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