碱性纤维素酶产生菌株的筛选及其酶学性质研究

【目的】从堆肥中筛选和鉴定产碱性纤维素酶的菌株,对菌株及其酶学特性进行研究。【方法】以刚果红平板染色法进行初筛,摇瓶发酵复筛,分离到高酶活菌株C73。通过形态观察和16SrRNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。采用DNS定糖法测定发酵液酶活最适pH值、pH值稳定性、最适温度、热稳定性及常见金属离子、SDS、EDTA等对酶活的影响。【结果】该菌株形态呈杆状,革兰氏阳性,不产芽孢,适宜在pH值8.0~11.0、30~37℃条件下生长。16SrRNA序列比对发现,该菌株与琼斯氏菌(Jonesiasp.)PC1序列相似度大于99%,初步鉴定为琼斯氏菌属菌株。在发酵培养基中,菌体浓度和CMCase活力分别在40h和50h达到最大值,随着发酵时间的延长发酵液pH值稳定在9.5左右。粗酶液的最适作用pH值为10.0,此时CMCase活力达2.3U/mL。在pH值8.0~11.0的范围内保持60%以上的酶活;最适作用温度为60℃,且在30~80℃的范围内保持60%以上的酶活。金属离子Mn2+、Co2+和(NH4)2SO4对酶活力有较强的抑制作用。【结论】菌株C73呈现较高的碱性CMCase酶活、较高的热稳定性和pH值稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

产纤维素酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

对一株产纤维素酶菌株进行分离鉴定,并对其酶学特性进行了初步研究.刚果红染色法筛选产纤维素酶菌株B16,采用形态观察、生理生化指标和16S rDNA确定其菌属来源,分析纤维素酶的最适反应pH值和温度、酸碱和热稳定性、金属离子对酶活性的影响,最后考察纤维素酶系的分布.结果表明:筛选菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,其较适反应温度为30℃,较适pH 8.0,在10~60℃呈高稳定性,在pH 5~8时稳定性较强,Mn2+和Ba2+是该酶的激活因子.除微晶纤维素酶活力(16.39 U/mL)稍弱外,滤纸酶(70.37 U/mL)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(131.55 U/mL)、羧甲基纤维素酶(307.23 U/mL)活力均相对较高.结果表明,该酶在饲料添加剂方面具有应用潜力.     

产纤维素酶新菌株的筛选及其产酶特性研究

【目的】筛选分离新的纤维素酶产酶菌株,并对其生长特性和产酶特性进行研究。【方法】从堆肥样品中分离得到一株产纤维素酶菌株,定名为CP1,利用16SrRNA序列对比和Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。通过测定菌株生长速率确定其最适生长条件。采用CMC发酵培养基进行纤维素酶的研究,确定其产酶曲线。测定粗酶液最适作用温度和pH值,热稳定性和金属离子对其影响。【结果】经鉴定该菌株为梭形芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH值为6。在含CMC-Na的培养基培养,该菌株的生长与产酶同步进行,培养48h菌株生长量达到最大,培养液的CMC酶活力同时达到最大值,为0.46U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶既有酸性CMC酶活力,又有碱性CMC酶活力,并以碱性CMC酶为主,酸性CMC酶的活力只有碱性CMC酶的71.4%。其酸性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为6.0,碱性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为8.0。另外,该菌株所产碱性CMC酶活的最适作用温度为40~50℃,而且0.5%的Cu2+使其酶活降低45%。【结论】菌株CP1为首次报道的梭形芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶新菌株,具有独特的酸碱性环境下的纤维素酶活力。     

一株产纤维素酶细菌的分离鉴定及其酶学特性研究

 采用CMC平板筛选和刚果红染色等方法,从湖南科技大学校园腐烂木芙蓉根部土壤中分离1株产纤维素酶菌株CXB001,经生理生化测试、16S rDNA分子进化树分析,鉴定菌株为Bacillus velezensis。对该菌株的生物特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为37 ℃,在10~50 ℃,pH 5.0 ~11.0中能生长,在pH 6.0~9.0,34~40 ℃,1.5% ~3.5% NaCl 的培养条件下,最适产酶。CXB001所产纤维素酶最适反应温度为50 ℃,最适反应pH为5.0;在20 ℃、pH 5.0~ 7.0具有较好的稳定性。Co ²⁺对纤维素酶具有激活作用,Mg²⁺,Fe²⁺对纤维素酶具有抑制作用。     

纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及酶学性质研究

从城市生活垃圾中分离到一株分解纤维素能力最强,并产生胞外酶的菌株,初步确定为芽孢杆菌,并对该菌所产的纤维素酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究.该纤维素酶反应最佳温度为50℃;最适 pH7.0;酶在40～50℃热稳定性较好; CMCase活力在 pH 6.0～7.0处可保持70%以上, FPA酶活在pH 6.0～7.0处可保持79%以上; Ca2＋和Mg2＋对酶反应表现为明显的促进作用,而Fe3＋和Mn2＋对酶反应有抑制作用, Na＋、Zn2＋和K＋对酶的影响很小.     

高产芽孢杆菌MS12木聚糖酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质研究

从昆明某磷矿土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶能力较强的菌株——MS12,通过单因素试验初步优化了该菌株的产酶条件.试验结果显示,该菌株最佳产酶培养基为玉米芯粉50 g/L、麸皮40 g/L、NH_4Cl 10 g/L、CaCl_2 5 g/L、NaHPO_42 g/L,pH自然;最佳产酶发酵条件为30℃,180 r/min,装样量30 mL/250 mL三角瓶,震荡培养96 h.经测定,菌株MS12所产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,具有较好的pH稳定性. 1 mmol/L Na~+、Ba~(2+)和10 mmol/L Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对酶活有促进作用,Ag~+对酶活有明显的抑制作用.     

漏斗状侧耳纤维素酶高活性变株的选育与产酶条件和酶特性研究

以漏斗状侧耳5·01为出发菌株,用NTG和UV依次对孢子、单核菌丝和双核菌丝进行处理,获得了微晶纤维素酶活和羧甲基纤维素酶活分别是出发菌株2.86倍和2.51倍的突变株HCA15。正交试验结果表明:该变株在含有棉籽壳粉、尿素、麸皮、纤维二糖的培养基中酶活高。产酶的最适pH为5.6,最适温度为28℃。酶作用的最适pH为4.6,最适温度为40℃。酶在pH5.0时最稳定,在50℃以上不稳定。     

木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选与部分酶学特性的研究

通过富集培养、水解圈鉴定、酶活检测等步骤,从不同地点采集含木聚糖的土样中初筛出10株木聚糖酶产生菌,获得一株酶活最高的菌株Bacillus sp. X-18.对Bacillus sp. X-18木聚糖酶的部分酶学特性进行了研究,结果显示:菌株X-18酶活最适温度为50 ℃,在50 ℃保温1 h仍保持100%的酶活力.该酶pH值范围较广,在pH4.0-8.0范围内均能保持较高的活性,最适为pH5.0,与其相关报道的研究相比,该木聚糖酶具有良好的酸碱耐受性.     

产普鲁兰酶克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

利用曲里苯蓝法从淀粉加工厂废水氧化池酸性污泥样品中筛选普鲁兰酶产生菌,对筛选到的GXAS-38菌株进行形态观察、生理生化特征分析、16SrDNA序列系统发育分析和普鲁兰酶酶学性质研究,并用PCR方法克隆GXAS-38菌株的普鲁兰酶基因。结果表明,GXAS-38菌株属于肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),其产普鲁兰酶的最适反应温度为60℃,在温度35～50℃时酶活较稳定;最适反应pH值5.5,在pH值5.0～7.5时酶活较稳定。Ca2+、Na+和Li+对GXAS-38菌株的普鲁兰酶活性有激活作用;Cu2+、Zn2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+和Ba2+对GXAS-38菌株的普鲁兰酶活性有抑制作用;螯合剂EDTA能够强烈地抑制GXAS-38菌株的普鲁兰酶活性,GXAS-38菌株的普鲁兰酶反应需要金属离子参与。GXAS-38菌株完整的普鲁兰酶编码基因全长3291bp,编码1096个氨基酸。     

工程纤维素酶降解工艺条件研究

本实验所用的纤维素酶是把一种绿色曲霉的纤维素酶基因导入大肠杆菌后所表达产生的。考察纤维素酶的降解工艺条件,结果表明,该纤维素酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适作用的pH值为5.5和8.0,Vm=2.78μmol/(L?min),Km=34.5μmol/L,在50℃保温40min仍有90%的酶活;Ca2 有轻微的激活作用,Hg2 有强烈的抑制作用,Fe2 ﹑Mg2 ﹑Cu2 ﹑EDTA有一般的抑制作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-