Ni/Ti原子数比值对NiTiAlHf合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、室温和高温压缩实验等方法研究了Ni/Ti值对Ni42+xTi50-xAl4Hf4(x=0～7)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni42+xTi50-xAl4Hf4合金由NiTi基体和Ti2Ni相组成,随着Ni/Ti原子数比值的增加,Ti2Ni相的尺寸和数量急剧减少,析出强化效果减弱.室温时,随着Ni/Ti值的增加,NiTiAlHf合金的压缩屈服强度和显微硬度逐渐降低,塑性提高.高温下,当Ni/Ti<1时,Ti2Ni相的析出强化起主要作用,合金的屈服强度随Ni/Ti值增加而降低;当Ni/Ti>1时,Hf固溶强化作用的影响提高,并且Ti2Ni相趋于均匀弥散分布,使合金的屈服强度随Ni/Ti值增加而升高.在化学计量比(Ni/Ti=1)两侧,合金的屈服强度变化不对称.     

含Hf镍基粉末高温合金快速凝固粉末颗粒特性

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜及其附带的能谱仪和碳复型萃取技术等多种手段研究了不同Hf含量的FGH96合金粉末颗粒显微组织、枝晶间合金元素偏析和析出相.发现Hf含量可以改变粉末颗粒内部树枝晶、胞状长大晶和微晶凝固组织的比例,粉末的快速凝固组织形态主要取决于冷却速率和固液界面前沿温度梯度与长大速度的比值.不同Hf含量的FGH96合金粉末颗粒中,Nb、Ti、Zr和Al均富集于枝晶间,Co、Cr、W和Ni均富集于枝晶轴.当Hf质量分数为0.3%时,Ti、Nb、Zr、Hf等强碳化物形成元素的枝晶偏析程度最小.在快速凝固粉末颗粒中,Hf对氧含量比碳含量更敏感,优先形成更稳定的氧化物HfO2.     

Mn含量对铸造高铌TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

选择两种Mn含量不同的高铌TiAl合金Ti46Al8Nb2Mn0.2B和Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B,通过热等静压(HIP)及后续热处理,结合组织和力学性能的分析,研究了Mn含量对高铌TiAl合金的组织和性能的影响.XRD和SEM背散射电子实验结果表明:Mn含量较高的Ti46Al8Nb2Mn0.2B合金,经热等静压及循环热处理,得到的双态组织较粗大,并且有少量脆性β相存在;Mn含量较低的Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B合金,经热等静压后直接在双相区长时间保温处理,得到了细小的双态组织,并且完全消除了β相.室温拉伸实验表明,Mn含量的降低提高了Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B合金的力学性能,其延伸率、屈服强度和断裂强度分别达到2.4%、548MPa和660MPa.断口形貌分析表明,室温下两种合金都属于解理断裂.     

Mg-xZn-Y合金显微组织、力学性能与导热性能研究

研究了Zn含量以及定向凝固拉伸速度对Mg-Zn-Y合金显微组织、力学性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-x Zn-Y(x=1,3,5%)合金组织主要由α-Mg相与Mg3Zn6Y相组成。随着随着Zn含量的增多,晶粒细化;定向凝固使组织由等轴晶或树枝晶向柱状晶转变,随着拉伸速度的增大,柱状晶宽度变窄。铸态合金的室温力学性能随着Zn含量的增加而增大,定向凝固合金的室温力学性能随着拉伸速度的增大而增大,当拉伸速度为100 um/s时,抗拉强度达到了260.2 MPa,相比于铸态合金,提高了44.1%;伸长率达到了14.46%,相比于铸态合金,提高了61.7%.铸态合金的热导率随着Zn含量的增加而减小,定向凝固合金的热导率随着拉伸速度的增大而减小,但是,相比于铸态合金,定向凝固合金的热导率均有所提高。     

挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

真空吸铸成型TiAl基合金组织演化

采用真空铜模吸铸技术制备了Ti-52Al-2Cr-2Nb合金棒状铸件(Φ6 mm×80 mm),借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪,分析了不同凝固条件下的显微组织形貌和相组成。分析结果表明:铸态Ti-52Al-2Cr-2Nb合金是以α相为初生相、γ相为包晶相的包晶凝固合金。与铸态凝固组织相比,真空吸铸凝固组织明显细化,且不同区域的组织特征存在明显差异。从表面急冷区至糊状区,可以依次观察到块状γ相(γm,表面急冷区)、α相枝晶(定向生长区)以及胞状枝晶(糊状区)。块状γ相的形成归因于冷却速率的提高,这表明高的冷却速率能够提供足够的驱动力,促进块状γ相晶胚的形核。     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

铸态和沉积态Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu合金的显微组织与相形成

采用常规铸造和喷射成形工艺制备了含硅达25%(质量分数)的过共晶Al-Si合金,利用SEM(EDS)、XRD和DSC等分析方法对合金的显微组织和相熔解析出进行了分析研究.结果表明,铸态合金含有粗大块状初晶Si相和粗大针片状含铁相,而喷射成形工艺能够使二者的尺寸、形貌发生改变而有利于合金性能的提高.同时,铸态和沉积态合金中均含有基体Al、初晶Si和Al2Cu相,不同的是铸态合金中含铁相主要为δ-Al4FeSi2相,而沉积态合金中以β-Al5FeSi相为主.分析其原因主要是糊状层的存在引起沉积坯冷却速度降低而导致沉积坯中发生δ-Al4FeSi2相的转变及共晶组织增加,致使沉积态合金中β-Al5FeSi相为主要含铁相.采用DSC实验对沉积态合金在熔化和凝固过程中发生的反应进行了讨论.     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

Nb-Ti-Ni体系合金的结构及其氢渗透性能

以Ni30Ti31Nb39为成分基点,通过合金成分的规律性调整(5%,原子数分数),研究系列Nb-Ti-Ni体系合金的相结构与氢渗透性能。研究结果表明:制备的Nb-Ti-Ni合金有两相和三相共2种相结构;两相合金由bcc-Nb(Ni,Ti)固溶体和(bcc-Nb(Ni,Ti)+β2-NiTi)共晶相构成;三相合金除上述两相外,还有少量NiTi2相;两相结构合金的氢渗透性能优于三相结构合金性能,合金中Nb含量越多,bcc-Nb(Ni,Ti)固溶体相含量越大,合金的氢扩散系数(D)增大;Ni和Ti含量增大,则降低了固溶体相的比例,不利于合金氢扩散性能提高;Nb-Ti-Ni体系合金的氢扩散系数为10-9数量级,Nb49Ni25Ti26合金的氢扩散系数最大(5.260 5×10-9 m2/s)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-