顶空气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中残留溶剂含量

利用气相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑钠原料药中丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯5种有机溶剂残留量,通过优化实验条件建立了一种有效的测定有机溶剂残留量的方法。采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,色谱柱为DB-624石英毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,流速为2.0mL/min;柱温采取程序升温方式,于40℃保持8min,然后以每分钟20℃的速率升温至240℃,并保持20min;顶空平衡温度为90℃,平衡时间为30min;进样口温度为200℃,检测温度为250℃;进样体积为1mL,分流比为5∶1。5种有机溶剂在该色谱条件下均能有效分离,峰面积与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R圴大于0.990,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.616,6.72,4.89,2.70,1.46μg/mL,定量限(10S/N)分别为1.85,16.8,13.9,8.07,3.64μg/mL,各残留溶剂的加标回收率均在90%~110%范围内。     

气相色谱法分析杠板归中有机氯农药的残留量

目的:利用气相色谱法检测15批不同产地杠板归药材中有机氯农药的残留量.方法:采用SE-54弹性石英毛细管(30m×0.32mm×25μm)色谱柱,进样口温度为230℃;检测器温度为300℃.不分流进样,程序升温,检测器为63Ni电子捕获检测器(ECD).结果及结论:15批杠板归药材中9种有机氯农药残留量未超标.     

米诺膦酸原料药中4种有机残留溶剂的毛细管气相色谱法测定

建立对米诺膦酸原料药中的乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、甲苯等4种残留溶剂含量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法.采用安捷伦DB-624(0.32 mm×30 m, 3 μm)色谱柱,固定液为6%氰丙基苯基+94%二甲基聚硅氧烷,载气为N₂,检测器为火焰离子化检测仪(FID),进样口温度为250 ℃,检测器温度为200 ℃,柱温为程序升温,初始温度40 ℃,保持3 min,以每分钟15 ℃升温至200 ℃,并保持10 min;以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为主要溶剂,采用直接进样法测定4种溶剂的残留量.结果表明:4种残留溶剂的色谱峰分离度良好,在一定范围内呈良好线性关系(R²>0.998),乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷和甲苯的检测限分别为0.029,0.052,0.051,0.051 ng,平均回收率均在96.71%~112.37%的范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%;米诺膦酸3批小试样品中均未检出乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷和甲苯等4种残留溶剂.本检测方法灵敏度高、准确度良好,可作为米诺膦酸原料药中有机溶剂残留量的检测方法.     

GC直接进样与顶空进样法检测睾酮衍生物AD残留量*

建立毛细管气相色谱法,分别采用溶液直接进样与顶空进样法测定睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量。溶液直接进样法:色谱柱为DB-WAX石英毛细管柱,采用程序升温,初始温度50℃,保持5 min;然后以30(℃·min-1)升温至200℃,保持7 min。顶空进样法:顶空瓶加热温度90℃,平衡时间30 min。测得溴代环戊烷分别在4.17~83.4(μg·m L-1)和0.139~2.78(μg·m L-1)范围内呈良好线性关系。回收率分别为100.65%、99.82%。这两种方法均可检测睾酮衍生物AD中溴代环戊烷的残留量,而顶空进样法灵敏度更高,对色谱柱污染较小。     

顶空毛细管气相法测定5-硝基水杨酸锌中有机溶剂残留量

采用PEG-20M弹性石英毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温方法,以氮气为载气,建立5-硝基水杨酸锌中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.结果表明,2种有机溶剂完全分离,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好的线性(r>0.999),甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.3 ng和2.4 ng,精密度RSD均小于5%,平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.该方法灵敏、准确,适用于5-硝基水杨酸锌原料药和其他有机金属类药物中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定异黄酮衍生物2702中有机溶剂残留量

建立异黄酮衍生物2702中乙醇,乙酸乙酯残留量的测定方法.采用毛细管气相色谱法,色谱柱为DB-Wax(30 m×0.45 mm×0.85 μm)石英毛细管柱;检测器为FID,载气为氮气;柱温为程序升温:起始温度为40℃,保持5 min, 然后以40℃/min的速率升至205℃,保持8 min;气化室温度为225℃.在该色谱条件下,采用甲苯为内标.测得乙醇、乙酸乙酯二种溶剂分别在1.25～87.50 μg/mL(r=0.999 8);1.80～89.90 μg/mL(r=0.999 9)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为102.0%(RSD=2.8%), 98.4%(RSD=2.3%);检测限分别为0.13 ng,0.17 ng.因此,该毛细管气相色谱法简单、结果准确,适用于本品有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定奥柳氮锌中有机溶剂残留量

建立了新药奥柳氮锌中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.采用PEG-20M弹性石英毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器,程序升温方法,以氮气为载气.二种有机溶剂完全分离,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好的线性(r均大于0.999),甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.2和2.1ng,精密度RSD均小于5%,平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.经实验方法学验证,该方法灵敏、准确,适用于新药奥柳氮锌原料药中有机溶剂残留量的测定.     

基于毛细管气相色谱法的花色蛤中扑草净残留量测定

建立了花色蛤中扑草净含量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法.采用SPL进样口,毛细管色谱柱rtx-5(弱极性,30m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),火焰光度检测器(FPD)进行检测.进样口温度,250℃,分流比5∶1,载气流速,1.47 m L/min;线速率控制方式:线速率,37 cm/s,柱室温度,100℃保持1 min,以30℃/min升至220℃,保持10 min;检测器温度,250℃,氢气气流量,40 m L/min,空气流量,60 m L/min.实验结果表明:方法简单、快速、重现性好,平均回收率大于85%,RSD小于6.0%,线性范围为0.05~1μg/m L,检出限(定性限)为0.001 mg/kg.     

拉米夫定中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱法测定

建立了拉米夫定中有机溶剂甲醇和丙酮残留量的毛细管顶空气相色谱分析法.残留溶剂甲醇和丙酮的检测限分别为3.4μg/L和2.3μg/L,线性关系良好(r均大于0.999),平均回收率分别为101.1%和100.9%.该方法测量操作简单,结果灵敏、准确,重现性好,适用于拉米夫定中残留有机溶剂的测定.     

顶空气相色谱法测定克拉霉素中的丙酮溶剂残留

建立了克拉霉素中丙酮溶剂残留量的测定方法.采用顶空气相色谱法,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,HP-FFAP弹性石英毛细管柱为色谱柱(30 m×0.25mm,0.25μm),氮气为载气,分流比为1:60,进样口温度为200℃,检测器温度250℃,柱温采用程序升温.丙酮的质量浓度在0.002～4 g·L-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5),回收率为99.2%(RSD=1.9%)检出限小于2.0 mg·L-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.