金(Ⅰ)配合物室温催化三组分反应构建多取代吡咯衍生物

在室温条件下,以金(Ⅰ)配合物为催化剂,在乙醇溶剂中通过"一锅法"有效地催化取代β-硝基苯乙烯、芳香伯胺和1,3-二羰基化合物以63%～82%收率合成多取代吡咯衍生物。产物的结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS确证,其中化合物1-(1-(4-溴苯基)-2-甲基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-3-基)乙酮的结构经X射线单晶衍射进一步确认。该方法具有合成原料易得、反应条件温和、高选择性等优点,是一种合成多取代吡咯衍生物的新途径。     

N-芳基(烷基)-9-苯基-吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-1-酮衍生物的合成

吡咯并喹啉酮结构的化合物作为一类重要杂环化合物被广泛研究,它具有一定的生物活性,它可作为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,它有抗肿瘤活性.然而该类杂环化合物传统的合成方法尚存在合成和处理方法较为复杂,或使用有毒有害的有机溶剂以及碱性催化剂等问题.本合成方法简捷,无需用到催化剂,仅用无水乙醇和冰乙酸作为溶剂,以2-氯甲基-4-苯基-3-喹啉甲酸乙酯(1)为底物与胺类化合物2a-l在EtOH-AcOH(V/V,10:1)溶剂体系中回流反应经Williamson反应形成C-N键然后经分子内环化得到一系列吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-1-酮衍生物,即N-芳基(烷基)-9-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯并[3,4-b]喹啉-1-酮衍生物3al.该类化合物的结构经IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、HRMS等方法表征并得以确认.     

三氟甲基取代的4-苯乙烯基香豆素衍生物的合成

【目的】设计合成结构新颖的香豆素衍生物,有利于探索发现更多含香豆素骨架化合物的生物活性及应用价值,因而报道了一种三氟甲基取代的苯乙烯基香豆素衍生物的合成方法。【方法】采取不同取代基的3-氰基-4-甲基-香豆素和2,2,2-三氟-1-苯基乙烷-1-酮为反应起始原料,乙酸乙酯为反应溶剂,在室温条件下以DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯)为催化剂,经vinylogous-aldol(插烯羟醛)重排反应生成三氟甲基取代的苯乙烯基香豆素类化合物。【结果】产物经核磁¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、¹⁹F NMR、高分辨质谱及X射线单晶衍射表征;制备了以E(反)式构型为主的8个三氟甲基取代的4-苯乙烯基香豆素化合物,产率最高可达95%。【结论】本研究结果为含氟苯乙烯基香豆素类化合物的合成提供了一种制备方法。     

5-(5-甲酰基噻吩)- 10,20-苯基-15-萘基卟啉的合成研究

以吡咯和苯甲醛为原料合成了5-苯基-2,2′-二吡咯甲烷,利用[2+2]合成法合成了5-噻吩基-10,20-苯基-15-萘基卟啉,再利用Vilsmerier反应合成了目标化合物,目标化合物的结构经IR,MS和1 H NMR确证。考察了反应时间、物料比对目标化合物收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:物料比n(DMF)∶n(POCl3)∶n(化合物Ⅱ)=20∶20∶1,反应温度为以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂条件下的回流温度,反应时间为24h。     

丹参素衍生物的合成

在丹参素冰片酯的基础上,以原儿茶醛类似物为起始原料,经乙酰化,水解,酸化处理后得到中间体β-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丙酮酸、β-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酮酸、β-(4-氯苯基)丙酮酸。选择具有扩张血管等作用的烟酸、异烟酸以及具有促渗透作用的薄荷醇作为取代基,借助功能导向合成方法及"君-使化合物"的思想对中间体的羧基和α-羟基做进一步的结构优化,得到6种丹参素衍生物。通过MS,1H NMR,13C NMR对所合成化合物的结构进行表征,可为心血管药物的开发提供新的实体分子。     

含卤代苯酚1,2,3-三唑衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

根据生物活性叠加原理,将"邻羟基苯基"和"1,2,3-三唑"分子片断合理组合,设计合成了3个新型1-(4-取代苯基)-4-(4-取代苯基)-5-氨甲基卤代苯酚-1,2,3-三唑类衍生物.目标化合物的结构经1HNMRI、R表征确认.抑菌活性测试表明,质量浓度为0.01%时,对白色念珠菌的抑菌率高达90%以上,是极具开发潜力的抗菌化合物.     

5-甲基-4-(1-氮杂环丙基)吡咯并三嗪-6-甲酸乙酯的合成及表征

以3-甲基-2-氰基吡咯-4-甲酸乙酯为原料,经3步反应合成了一个含吡咯并三嗪母核结构的新颖化合物5-甲基-4-(1-氮杂环丙基)吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-6-甲酸乙酯。通过对其合成过程中的反应条件优化,三步反应以总收率43%制得目标产物。反应所及中间体和最终产物通过1 H NMR、13C NMR、HRMS、FTIR进行了结构表征。     

1,3-苯并噁嗪衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性

以邻氨基甲基苯酚与硝基取代苯甲醛为原料,在SnCl4的催化作用下合成了一系列取代-1,3-苯并噁嗪类化合物,产率为60%~95%.产物结构经IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR、MS和元素分析进行了表征.测定了所合成化合物的杀虫活性,化合物对蚜虫具有较好的活性,其中2-(2-硝基苯基)-3-苯基-3,4-二氢-2 H-1,3[e]-苯并噁嗪(5o)的活性达80%(500mg/L).     

一锅、二步法合成几种含环己基双酚化合物的研究

分别以环己酮、4-甲基环己酮、4-叔丁基环己酮为起始原料,经二氯亚砜氯化得到4,4-二氯环己酮及其衍生物中间体,不经分离,继而将其分别与苯酚及其衍生物进行取代反应,通过“一锅、二步法”制得了1,1-二(4-羟基苯基)环己烷、1,1-二(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)环己烷、1,1-二(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)环己烷、1,1-二(4-羟基苯基)-4-甲基环己烷和1,1-二(4-羟基苯基)-4-叔丁基环己烷等5种含环己基的双酚化合物,产率为82.5;～86.0;.用FT-IR、NMR 和元素分析对其组成和结构进行了表征.该合成方法具有操作简单、反应条件温和、收率高等优点.     

苯并咪唑亚胺系列衍生物的微波合成

以邻苯二胺、氨基氰和取代苯甲醛为原料,研究苯并咪唑亚胺衍生物的微波合成工艺,并合成具有潜在生物活性的苯并咪唑亚胺系列衍生物(3a-3h),所有化合物的结构均经氢谱(1H NMR)、红外光谱(IR)和元素分析表征确证。以N-苯并咪唑基-3,5-二甲基苯基亚胺(3a)为例,考察了微波功率、辐照时间和原料摩尔比对其产率的影响。得到最佳合成条件:微波辐射时间为12 min、微波功率为400 W、摩尔比为1∶1.5。此时,3a的收率为83%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-