无机-有机杂化介孔材料组装与性能表征

利用表面活化剂诱导合成法和离子印迹技术，通过TEOS和AAPS酸性催化水解和缩聚反应，将氨基嫁接到介孔材料孔壁上，组装出一种新颖的有序的无机-有机杂化材料；通过IR，xRD，TG，DTA，MIP和粒度分析测定，表征了该杂化材料的组成和孔结构。杂化材料对稀土La^3＋离子吸附量测定结果表明：杂化材料可对稀土离子有效捕集，La^3＋印迹杂化材料对模板镧离子比非印迹杂化材料表现出更好的识别选择性。     

A mesoporous germanium oxide with crystalline pore walls and its chiral derivative

Microporous oxides are inorganic materials with wide applications in separations, ion exchange and catalysis. In such materials, an important determinant of pore size is the number of M (where M = Si, Ge and so on) atoms in the rings delineating the channels. The important faujasite structure exhibits 12-ring structures while those of zeolites, germanates and other materials can be much larger. Recent attention has focused on mesoporous materials with larger pores of nanometre scale; however, with the exception of an inorganic-organic hybrid, these have amorphous pore walls, limiting many applications. Chiral porous oxides are particularly desirable for enantioselective sorption and catalysis. However, they are very rare in microporous and mesoporous materials. Here we describe a mesoporous germanium oxide, SU-M, with gyroidal channels separated by crystalline walls that lie about the G (gyroid) minimal surface as in the mesoporous MCM-48 (ref. 9). It has the largest primitive cell and lowest framework density of any inorganic material and channels that are defined by 30-rings. One of the two gyroidal channel systems of SU-M can be filled with additional oxide, resulting in a mesoporous crystal (SU-MB) with chiral channels.     

用ZSM-5降解液进行SBA-15分子筛合成的研究

以商用ZSM-5沸石为原料,采用降解法合成了孔壁含有沸石结构单元的Z-SBA-15介孔分子筛。利用XRD、TEM技术,考察了温度、时间、ZSM-5的硅铝比、降解液用量和初始凝胶pH值对合成产物的影响。结果表明:在晶化温度100～110℃,晶化时间36～48h,硅铝比为25～36,ZSM-5沸石降解液量15～30mL,初始凝胶pH值0.5～1.0时为合成适宜条件。此外,经Z-SBA-15样品结构分析,Z-SBA-15为具有Al—Si—O单元结构成分的SBA-15介孔材料。     

Sol-Gel Synthesized Adsorbents for Metal Separation

Introduction Noble nanostructured adsorbents are of emerging interest due to the ability to fabricate and control thechemical and physical properties of these materialsNumerous materials have been developed in attemptto separate metal ions from aqueous st…     

Photocontrolled reversible release of guest molecules from coumarin-modified mesoporous silica

Since the discovery of MCM-41 more than ten years ago, many investigations have explored the suitability of hexagonal mesoporous silicas for potential practical applications. These range from catalysis and optically active materials to polymerization science, separation technology and drug delivery, with recent successes in the fabrication of hybrid mesoporous organosilicas expected to open up further application possibilities. Because the pore voids of this class of materials exhibit relatively narrow pore size distributions in the range of 2-4 nm in diameter, mesoporous silicas can selectively include organic compounds and release them continuously at a later stage. The functionalization of MCM-41 pore voids with photoactive derivatives provides influence over the material's absorption behaviour, but full control over the release process remains difficult. Here we show that the uptake, storage and release of organic molecules in MCM-41 can be regulated through the photocontrolled and reversible intermolecular dimerization of coumarin derivatives attached to the pore outlets. Successful functionalization requires uncalcined MCM-41 still filled with the template molecules that directed the formation of its pores, to ensure that coumarin derivatives attach preferentially to the pore outlets, rather than their inside walls. We find that this feature and the one-dimensional, isolated nature of the individual pores allow for efficient and reversible photocontrol over guest access to the material's interior.     

有序中孔铁催化剂的费-托合成催化性能研究

以KIT-6为模板用硬模板法合成了有序中孔铁催化剂,并引入Cu助剂,考察其费-托合成反应催化性能,采用原位小角X-射线衍射和N2物理吸附等对其表征,考察了Cu助剂和CO还原对其催化性能和结构的影响.结果表明：模板法合成的铁催化剂不同于传统沉淀铁催化剂,它具有特殊的有序中孔结构和较大的比表面积,较高的费-托合成反应活性和C5＋选择性.Cu助剂使有序中孔铁催化剂的还原性提高,故活性最高.CO还原后的催化剂为孔径均一的中孔结构,比表面积较大,但有序性降低,存在部分孔坍塌.     

新型树枝状化合物的合成及其作为硅源制备中孔SiO2的初步研究

以二苯基二氯硅烷为原料，通过交替进行烯丙基化和硅氢加成反应合成了一类新型以二苯基为核的端烯丙基G0-G2代碳硅烷树枝状化合物，并对其外围进行了乙氧基功能化修饰；尝试以这种功能化的碳硅烷型树枝状化合物和TEOS混合物为硅源，以CTAB和EO20-PO70-EO20为模板，对采用共水解法制备新型有机-无机杂化中孔二氧化硅进行了初步研究.     

强酸性和水热稳定的MCM-41分子筛的合成

以ZSM 5沸石分子筛为原始硅铝源,在碱性条件下,通过水热法合成出了孔壁含有ZSM 5预结构单元的MCM 41介孔分子筛。采用XRD、N2 吸附脱附、FT IR和NH3 TPD等表征手段对样品进行分析,结果表明该分子筛是含有ZSM 5 沸石预结构单元的六方晶相结构,该介孔分子筛的孔壁明显厚于常规方法合成的MCM 41,具有较高的水热稳定性和较强的酸性。     

可挥发性有机化合物废气治理技术及其新进展

从经济学的一般均衡理论角度,分析了政府对食品安全进行监管的有效边界和稳定的均衡条件。需求和供给分析表明,食品安全监管的供给和需求存在一个合理的度,也就是说当食品安全监管供给边界曲线的斜率绝对值大于食品安全监管需求边界曲线的斜率绝对值时,食品安全监管便达到动态稳定均衡。     

有序介孔Cr_2O_3-CeO_2的制备与表征

以硝酸铬和硝酸铈作金属源、用介孔氧化硅作硬模板,通过真空辅助浸渍法制备得到高比表面积有序介孔Cr2O3-Ce O2复合氧化物,采用XRD、TEM、UV-Vis和N2吸附-脱附技术表征了样品的物理化学性质.结果表明,经过500℃灼烧处理的样品(meso-Cr-Ce)孔壁晶化度高且虫孔结构发达,比表面积达160 m2/g,平均孔径为7.2 nm,在紫外和可见光区还具有优良的吸光性能.这些特性将使该材料在催化领域特别是光催化领域有着广阔的应用前景.     

气相水解法介孔分子筛MCM-41组装纳米TiO2研究

以水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,在高温气相炉中进行水解,羟基缩合对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行了纳米TiO2的修饰。XRD、FTIR、N2吸附脱附、SEM表征手段对其结构特征的测试结果表明:纳米TiO2不仅进入介孔分子筛MCM-41介孔孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41能够保持有序的孔道结构。     

一种合成大孔径SBA-15介孔分子筛的新方法

通过加入无机盐硝酸铵辅助合成大孔径介孔分子筛SBA-15,用小角X-射线粉末衍射(SAXS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N_2吸附脱附等手段对分子筛进行了表征.结果表明:合成的大孔径分子筛SBA-15具有高度有序的介孔结构,孔径约12 nm,比表面积894 m~2·g~(-1),孔容为2.6 cm~3·g~(-1);不加硝酸铵则不能得到具有高有序度的介孔材料.     

孔径可调介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物的制备

采用有机模板剂去除法制备介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物,研究溶液体系的pH值及模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度对晶态和孔径结构影响;对制备的样品采用XRD测试和N2吸脱附方法表征其晶态结构和孔径结构。研究结果表明:该介孔氧化物具有较高的比表面积(高达160m2/g)和均匀的孔径;当pH值和CTAB浓度变化时,实现介孔La-Co-Ce-O系复合氧化物的孔径在3.0～21.0nm之间可调;制备条件的变化对介孔氧化物样品的晶态结构稍有影响。     

水热晶化法合成介孔氧化铝分子筛研究

有序介孔氧化铝是一类比表面大、结构严整、孔径分布狭窄的介孔材料,广泛地应用于化工领域．采用仲丁醇铝为铝源,硬脂酸为模板剂通过水热晶化法制备了介孔氧化铝分子筛,并对其制备条件进行了优化,其最佳条件为晶化温度为110℃,晶化时间为2d．通XRD、低温吸附一脱附、SEM等分析发现所得样品的比表面积高达408m2／g,孔容为0．65cm3／g,孔径分布在3～6nm范围内,平均孔径为3．4nm,证明其是一种典型的介孔分子筛．     

Direct hydrothermal synthesis of novel functional mesoporous materials

A direct synthesis method of preparing alkaline earth or transition metal oxides supporting mesoporous materials is reported. Distinguishing from those traditionaltechniques characterized by “synthesis at first and then modification”, this new method adds the precursor salts that have no perturbation in the strong acid synthetic system but easily form oxides after calcinations, into the initial syntheticmixture, performing the “synthesis” and “modification” in one-pot procedure.     

一步法制备体心立方结构的介孔碳／氧化硅纳米复合材料

以酚醛树脂预聚体（Res01）为碳源前驱体,嵌段共聚物聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯（PEO-PPO-PEO,F127）和聚二甲基硅氧烷-聚氧乙烯（PDMS-PEO）为混合模板剂,采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装（EISA）方法制备了有序介孔碳-氧化硅纳米复合材料,并进一步采用小角X射线散射（SAXS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和氮气吸脱附分析对所制备样品的结构和组成进行表征．结果表明,所制备的介孔碳／氧化硅纳米复合材料具有体心立方Im3m结构,其BET比表面积、总孔容和孔径分别为l410m^2／g,1．12cm^3／g和5．4nm．     

Synthesis and characterization of chiral mesoporous silica

Chirality is widely expressed in organic materials, perhaps most notably in biological molecules such as DNA, and in proteins, owing to the homochirality of their components (d-sugars and l-amino acids). But the occurrence of large-scale chiral pores in inorganic materials is rare. Although some progress has been made in strategies to synthesize helical and chiral zeolite-like materials, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure mesoporous materials is a challenge that remains unsolved. Here we report the surfactant-templated synthesis of ordered chiral mesoporous silica, together with a general approach for the structural analysis of chiral mesoporous crystals by electron microscopy. The material that we have synthesized has a twisted hexagonal rod-like morphology, with diameter 130-180 nm and length 1-6 micro m. Transmission electron microscopy combined with computer simulations confirm the presence of hexagonally ordered chiral channels of 2.2 nm diameter winding around the central axis of the rods. Our findings could lead to new uses for mesoporous silica and other chiral pore materials in, for example, catalysis and separation media, where both shape selectivity and enantioselectivity can be applied to the manufacturing of enantiomerically pure chemicals and pharmaceuticals.     

Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials

Mesostructured composite materials, with features ranging from 20 to 500 A in size, are obtained by the kinetically controlled competitive assembly of organic and inorganic species into nanostructured domains. Short-range order is limited, and long-range order is determined by weak forces such as van der Waals or hydrogen-bonding. Three-dimensional mesoporous materials obtained by removing the organic phase are of particular interest for applications such as catalysis and chemical sensing or separation, for which structural features such as cavity shape, connectivity and ordered bimodal porosity are critical. But atomic-scale structural characterization by the usual diffraction techniques is challenging for these partially ordered materials because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 microm) single crystals, and because large repeat spacings cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle so that only limited small-angle data are available. Here we present a general approach for the direct determination of three-dimensional mesoporous structures by electron microscopy. The structure solutions are obtained uniquely without pre-assumed models or parametrization. We report high-resolution details of cage and pore structures of periodically ordered mesoporous materials, which reveal a highly ordered dual micro- and mesoscale pore structure.     

复合模板剂制备有序介孔氧化铝

采用溶胶-凝胶法以异丙醇铝为铝源,乙醇为溶剂,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100和三嵌段共聚物P123为复合模板剂,制备了有序介孔氧化铝。用PSD、XRD、TEM等测试技术对样品进行了结构表征,实验结果表明,合成的有序介孔氧化铝比表面积大于500m²/g,孔容超过1.0cm³/g,孔径分布窄（2～12nm）,形成的蠕虫状孔道具有一定的有序性,与采用单一模板剂P123制得的介孔氧化铝相比具有比表面积大,孔分布窄,有序性好的优点。最佳模板剂配比为 n(TritonX-100)∶n(P123)=3∶1。     

SiW11/介孔TiO2杂化材料的制备与表征

将缺位Keggin结构多金属氧酸盐SiW11共价键联于介孔二氧化钛分子筛表面上,制备了SiW11/介孔TiO2杂化材料。用红外、低温N2吸附、TEM等对样品进行了表征。结果表明,键联于介孔TiO2表面的多金属氧酸盐SiW11保留完整的Keggin结构。较介孔二氧化钛相比,杂化样品的比表面积和孔容均有所减少。