武夷山脉南北蕨类植物生物多样性研究

从植物区系、生物多样性容量、通量和质量等方面比较了武夷山脉从南到北梁野山、闽江源、武夷山3个国家级自然保护区中蕨类植物的生物多样性.结果表明,在武夷山脉由南到北,蕨类植物的热带性成分趋于递减,北温带分布及其变型、东亚分布及其变型递增.由物种数及丰富度指数DGl可以得出,武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物生物多样性容量最大.连通性方面,武夷山脉不同的保护区间物种水平的相似性不到55%,而从武夷山脉南段至中段、中段至北段,种的β多样性指数βL值都达到30%,这两点说明武夷山脉是蕨类植物的现代分化中心之一.通过考察Cody指数βC发现,中段的闽江源自然保护区是武夷山脉的重要节点.虽然流通率表明武夷山脉蕨类植物的连通性较强,但在物种水平上,更替值在南段到中段、中段到北段均超过30%,因此有必要进一步在保护区之间建立与建设供动植物物种迁移的生态廊道.由于保存了较多的蕨类植物模式标本种和局域种,在充分考虑物种权值的前提下,武夷山自然保护区的蕨类植物生物多样性质量指数值达764,因此其多样性质量最高.研究结果可以为保护区群网的建设提供理论依据.     

一个用于区域物种多样性综合评价的指数

区域尺度物种多样性评价不仅是生物多样性研究的一个重要内容,对于保护区的建设也具有指导意义.选取全国具有代表性的57处自然保护区,构建大尺度陆栖脊椎动物物种多样性数据库,在物种水平上,探讨了一个用于区域物种多样性综合评价的E指数,即给予每个类群相同的权重,由陆栖脊椎动物四大类群综合计算而得.通过对物种丰富度的变形P指数和E指数进行比较,得到以下结论:E指数与物种丰富度有着极显著的相关性,二者都能用来评价物种多样性,但E指数比物种丰富度更能无偏颇地评价区域物种多样性,包含的信息更多,而P指数则会低估两栖类和爬行类物种数量较多的自然保护区的物种多样性,这种低估对于南方的保护区尤为严重.因此,为使区域尺度物种多样性评价更加科学合理,本文推荐运用E指数.     

武夷山自然保护区米槠群落物种多样性研究

本文为福建武夷山国家级自然保护区生物多样性GEF项目成果之一,调查了保护区内武夷山中亚热带常绿阔叶林生态定位站定位研究的具有代表性的森林生态系统的物种多样性.米槠群落是保护区内常绿阔叶林的代表性类型之一.应用物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度、Simpson指数和PIE对武夷山米槠群落维管束植物进行了物种多样性研究.结果表明前三者是较好的多样性指标,该群落的物种丰富度指数值为39.058,Shannon-Wiener指数值H′为4.665,Pielou均匀度为81.56%,Simpson指数为59.022,种间相遇机率PIE为0.983.群落乔木层与灌木层的物种多样性较高,前者各项指数值分别为11.949,3.740,82.32%,26.792,0.963;后者各项指数值分别为19.658,4.110,81.59%,36.897,0.973.     

武夷山脉南北维管束植物生物多样性流

从宏观层面定量研究了武夷山脉从南到北3个自然保护区中维管束植物的生物多样性流．结果表明，从南到北，随着气候变冷，热带性成分呈现递减趋势，温带性成分呈现递增趋势，不能互相取代．利用β多样性指数可以获得远程保护区之间丢失的生物多样性信息，利用β_L值对保护区之间各生物类群进行测度，可以确定在某一区域是否有建立新保护区的必要，该临界值为：科的β_L为5%，属的β_L为15%，种的β_L为20%. 基于此，应该在南段和中段之间选择生境作进一步保护．武夷山脉南北3个保护区科的相似性很高，属的相似性较高，物种水平上IS_J值高于54.48%，IS_C值高于70.53%，凸显了进化过程中沿着山脉的物种流作用．D_Gl值和β_C值表明3个保护区都是生物多样性流的重要节点，但以武夷山国家级自然保护区的生物多样性质量最高．     

我国区域尺度保护区网络规划和设计研究进展

建设自然保护区网络,是对现有保护区体系的空间格局重组和优化,对保护濒危珍稀物种和生态系统,特别是提高生物多样性保护有很强的现实意义.本文对不同研究视角下的保护区网络建设,进行了总结和归纳,就其特点和未来发展做出评价和预测.     

福建省生态学学科发展报告

福建省生态学科近两年来在红树林湿地、鸟类保护、海洋微型浮游生物研究、自然保护区群网建设、生物多样性流的概念和衡量指数等诸多领域取得了重要研究成果.     

“三江并流”区自然保护区对生物多样性和生态系统服务的维持作用

自然保护区对生物多样和生态系统服务的保护至关重要.以"三江并流"区为研究区,获取自然保护区、生态系统服务物质量和生物多样性保护优先区的空间分布数据,首先判识生态系统服务关键区,然后进行空间叠加分析,系统评估现有自然保护区对生物多样性和生态系统服务的维持作用.结果表明:(1)自然保护区对生物多样性对象的保护覆盖较为充分,3种生物多样性保护优先区的覆盖率均大于17%.(2)调节服务受保护状况不佳,其中,固碳服务和土壤保持服务关键区覆盖率小于研究区平均保护区覆盖率12.65%.供给服务和文化服务关键区的保护区覆盖率大于17%.(3)总体上,现有自然保护区对于维持研究区域内的生物多样性和生态系统服务具有重要作用,但仍存在保护空缺.研究能够为区域尺度保护地系统的合理规划提供科学依据.     

武夷山亮叶水青冈林物种多样性研究

本文为武夷山自然保护区生物多样性GEF项目内容之一,调查了保护区内不同海拔高度的代表性森林生态系统的物种多样性。亮叶水青冈林是山地的代表性森林生态系统之一。应用Shannon—Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度、Simpson指数和PIE对武夷山亮叶水青冈群落高等植物进行了物种多样性研究。结果表明该群落的Shannon—Wiener指数值为1.2973,Pielou均匀度为34.71％,Simpson指数为2.4777,PIE为0.5964,群落的乔木层物种多样性较高,各项多样性指数分别为2.5757,89.11％,12.1179和0.9175,灌木层、草本层的多样性指数值极低。     

自然保护区落叶松人工林物种多样性保护与经营模式

自然保护区内人工林的经营问题关系到自然保护区生物多样性保护与生态系统稳定性。针对我国东北林区保护区中占较大比重的落叶松人工林,研究了东折棱河自然保护区,不同经营方式和针阔混交比例的人工兴安落叶松林下生物多样性指数的变化规律。采用Simpsonindex(DS和E)和Shannon-Weinerindex(H)参数进行了计算分析。结果表明,加大阔叶树的比例,有利于提高其林下生物多样性指数。在物种多样性研究的基础上,从恢复生物多样性的角度提出了人工落叶松林的“栽针保阔”经营方式,给出了保阔的树种,可以选择水曲柳、黄檗、色木和春榆与兴安落叶松混交。混交造林时,可以通过调节树种种间关系,形成良好的林分结构,发挥其生态功能。     

太行山猕猴自然保护区物种多样性信息管理系统研建

针对生物多样性数据资源庞大、整理工作繁琐、资源共享程度低、交流困难等状况,以河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区为研究案例,整合现有的物种多样性信息,通过数据库构建和网站开发,建立了基于Web的物种多样性信息化管理系统,实现了物种数据检索、展示、交流、资源共享等功能.填补了该保护区生物多样性数字化管理的空白,为保护区管护水平提升和生物多样性保护提供了有力支持,同时也为其他保护区生物多样性保护的数字化建设提供技术参考和样本,从而推动生物多样性保护与研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-