超声波制备TiO_2光催化降解气相苯的研究

文章以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用超声波分散450℃焙烧物得到了纳米TiO2光催化剂,以苯为模拟气体,在静态反应装置中考察了该催化剂对气相苯的光催化降解性能。结果表明,采用超声波制备的TiO2光催化剂能显著提高对苯的光催化降解性能,超声波制备的TiO2上苯转化率是搅拌制备的TiO2的1.7倍。BET结果显示超声波制备的光催化剂比表面比搅拌制备的光催化剂高;XRD表征结果表明TiO2呈锐钛型;紫外-可见漫反射结果显示超声波制备的TiO2在可见区吸收增强。     

油酸修饰纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶剂热技术制备了经油酸修饰的纳米TiO2粉体。以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对产物进行了表征,并对其光催化降解邻硝基苯酚的性能进行了分析。实验结果表明:粉体为球形放射状颗粒,平均粒径约为920nm,其中含有晶粒尺寸约为4.7nm的细粒,比表面积高达180m2/g,与无油酸修饰的纳米TiO2相比,表现出很高的光催化活性。     

钒酸铋/二氧化钛--石墨烯宽光谱复合光催化剂的制备及性能

通过溶剂热法制备了具有可见光光催化活性的BiVO4/TiO2-石墨烯复合光催化剂。利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光发射光谱对样品进行表征,复合光催化剂的催化活性以模拟太阳光条件下降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝来评价。结果表明：BiVO4/TiO2-石墨烯复合光催化剂在530~800 nm的可见光范围具有很强的吸收峰。石墨烯的引入不仅拓宽了光谱响应范围,而且使得BiVO4和TiO2粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯薄片上,能快速捕获并迁移电子,有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性。     

复合空心TiO2@SiO2纳米微球光催化性能研究

通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)功能化的聚苯乙烯(PS)粒子在SiO2包覆的同时被乙醇/氨水介质溶解,得到了单分散空心SiO2纳米微球,经溶胶-凝胶法与纳米TiO2复合制备得到了TiO2@SiO2纳米球.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制备的TiO2@SiO2纳米球进行了物理特性及光化学性质的初步表征,探讨了SiO2纳米微球的复合对TiO2粒径大小、比表面积、形貌、晶型转变以及光催化活性的影响.在可见光照射下,利用有机染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的光催化降解为探针反应,研究了TiO2@SiO2纳米球的光催化活性及适应的pH范围.结果表明,SiO2纳米球的复合能明显提高光催化剂的比表面积及其对RhB的吸附量.同时能明显提高TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性,可见光下照射120min后RhB完全褪色,同时16h后的矿化率达到60%.TiO2@SiO2纳米球在pH 3～9范围内均表现出较高的催化性能.     

锐钛矿 TiO2纳米片的可控合成和光催化机制

采用溶剂热法合成了锐钛矿T iO2纳米结构,研究乙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇对 T iO2形貌和光催化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、紫外可见近红外分光光度计（UV‐Vis）等对此TiO2样品进行表征。结果表明：随着黏度的增加,TiO2的形貌由纳米片到纳米棒最后形成纳米颗粒;在乙醇溶液中合成的T iO2纳米片表现出优异的光催化性能,这是由于U V光具有粒子性,光的多次反弹使得样品具有高的紫外吸收所致。     

高能GO/ TiO2制备及其光催化反渗透浓水性能

为高效率处理反渗透浓水,采用改良Hummers法、水热合成法制备具有良好的吸附以及光催化性能的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料（GO/TiO2）,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）表征其微观形貌和物相组成;并以模拟反渗透浓水探究其性能、较佳反应条件及具有协同效应。结果表明,纳米材料中二氧化钛粒子的高能暴露面增多,有助于有效地提高其光催化活性,粒子的晶化度有所增加且均匀附着在氧化石墨烯表面,不仅增大了粒子的比表面积,还降低了二氧化钛粒子的宽带隙能,有助于提高其光催化效率;同时,由于氧化石墨烯接收的二氧化钛受激发释放的光生电子的存在,氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的静电吸附能力显著增强,提高了氧化石墨烯去除重金属离子的效率;所制备的氧化石墨烯/具有高能暴露面二氧化钛纳米复合材料具有良好的处理反渗透浓水性能,氧化石墨烯含量为80 mg的纳米复合材料与pH调节至4的模拟反渗透浓水在室温下避光搅拌3 h、光催化反应1.5 h为较佳反应条件,该纳米复合材料的Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr6+去除率分别为32.2%、19.8%、11.7%,具有协同效应。     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La<Subscript>2</Subscript>CoMnO<Subscript>6</Subscript> nanofibers

Through electrospinning, La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La₂CoMnO₆ nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

超临界制备TiO_2光催化剂及其活性研究

以钛酸丁脂为钛源,用溶胶-凝胶法制得催化剂前驱体,用超临界干燥法处理获得大孔及高比表面积的TiO_2超细颗粒,该样品在苯酚光催化降解反应中显示出优良的催化性能,其催化活性显著优于由直接干燥法处理获得的TiO_2颗粒,而且催化剂具有良好的热稳定性,即使经过973 K的高温焙烧,仍能保持良好的催化活性,结合催化剂的系列表征,包括XRD、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附等温线、XPS等,初步讨论了超临界干燥法对改善TiO_2光催化活性的结构因素。     

以水热炭为模板制备TiO2光催化剂及其光催化性能研究

以水热炭为模板, 采用溶胶–凝胶法制备TiO₂光催化剂, 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和BET比表面积测定等方法, 对催化剂的物相、组成、形貌和比表面积等进行表征。通过光催化降解甲基橙溶液, 评价样品的光催化性能。研究结果表明: 与TiO₂相比, 以水热炭为模板制备的HTC-TiO₂具有更高的热稳定性, 在煅烧温度较高时仍保持锐钛矿型。HTC-TiO₂具有水热炭的片状结构特征,TiO₂颗粒在HTC表面分散较好, 晶体粒径更小, 比表面积增加, 从而提高其光催化活性。当煅烧温度为450ºC时, 以水热炭为模板制备的HTC-TiO₂对甲基橙的降解率在550 W碘钨灯光照2小时后达到40.6%, 光催化效率比TiO₂(16.2%)提高1.5倍。     

磁控溅射制备Ag/TiO2复合薄膜的光催化降解性能

为了提高TiO2薄膜的光催化效率,利用中频交流磁控溅射技术,采用Ti和Ag金属靶制备了Ag/TiO2复合薄膜.利用X射线光电子能谱、 X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了复合薄膜的成分、结构和表面形貌,并研究了其光催化降解性能.结果发现: Ag在厚度较薄时以聚集颗粒形式存在; 在Ag膜厚度为15 nm时, Ag/TiO2复合薄膜与TiO2薄膜相比其光催化效率可提高2倍; Ag/TiO2复合薄膜对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效率与复合薄膜的透射率均随Ag膜厚度增加逐渐下降,其原因是Ag膜厚度不断增加,最终完全覆盖TiO2薄膜表面,阻挡了TiO2薄膜与污染物的有效接触, Ag作为光生电子捕获剂的有利影响消失.     

聚丙烯酸固载纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了水溶性TiO₂干凝胶,利用交联聚丙烯酸（PAA）强吸水性和三维网状结构特点,将TiO₂溶胶粒子固载到聚丙烯酸高分子链上,经过水热处理原位生长制备PAA/TiO₂纳米复合材料。通过拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试手段研究PAA/TiO₂纳米复合材料的结构特征,以甲基橙为模型污染物研究了PAA/TiO₂纳米复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,纳米TiO2粒子被固载到PAA高分子链上,PAA吸水膨胀后扩展至整个反应空间,有效地增加了纳米TiO₂与有机污染物的接触面积,大大提高了光催化降解的效率。     

Preparation and luminescence properties of YeO3：Er^3＋/TiO2 with high specific surface area

The three composites Y2O3 :Er3+ , Y2O3 :Er3+ /Yb 3+ andY2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 were prepared using coprecipitation and sol-gel techniques. Their morphology, specific surface area, porosity, UV-vis. absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured using SEM, TEM, surface analysis, UV-vis. absorption and photoluminescence spectrophotometry. SEM and TEM showed that samples prepared using coprecipitation were dispersed, while Y2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 particles possessed a mesoporous surface and average diameter of ab...     

CeO2在Al2O3及TiO2载体上的分散

采用等体积浸渍法制备了CeO2/Al2O3、CeO2/TiO2复合氧化物载体。应用X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、比表面积测定、激光Raman光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等技术研究了CeO2在Al2O3及TiO2载体上的分散状态。结果显示：对CeO2/Al2O3，CeO2主要存在于Al2O3表面，晶粒小、分散性好；而对CeO2/TiO2，大部分CeO2以体相形式与TiO2共存，晶粒大、分散性也差。此外，也没有发现TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的晶相变化。CeO2/Al2O3具有比Ce/TiO2更大的比表面积，更适合用于催化剂的载体。     

稀土掺杂TiO2纳米线阵列的可见光催化性能

采用溶胶-电泳沉积法在多孔阳极氧化铝模板上制备了TiO2光催化纳米线,合成了具有高比表面积的糖葫芦状M/TiO2(M代表La3+、Ce3+、Nd3+)纳米线阵列体系。采用SEM对样品进行了表征,表明M/TiO2纳米线阵列保持了模板的有序性;对甲基橙的可见光降解实验表明,稀土金属离子掺杂TiO2纳米线阵列体系具有非常优良的可见光催化性能;紫外-可见吸收光谱测试表明,La3+、Ce3+、Nd3+掺杂增强了TiO2在可见光区域的吸收能力,吸收带边红移至可见光区,未掺杂的TiO2禁带宽度为3.24eV,掺La3+、Ce3+、Nd3+的M/TiO2禁带宽度分别减小至2.6eV、2.8eV、2.0eV,这和光催化性能是大致相对应的。     

TiO2空心微球的制备及其在模拟太阳光下光催化降解罗丹明B活性

以钛酸丁酯为反应原料、油胺为模板剂,采用溶剂热法制备了TiO2空心微球.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HR-TEM、N2吸附-脱附实验及FT-IR对其晶体结构、形貌、表面性质及比表面积进行了表征.在模拟太阳光下研究了TiO2对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性,并与商品TiO2(P25)的活性相比较.结果表明,空心微球为纯相锐钛矿型TiO2,球的直径处于2-5 μm之间,构成微球的初级粒子的平均粒径为10.7 nm,BET比表面积为42.95 m2/g.所制备的TiO2空心微球在2h内对罗丹明B溶液的光降解率达72％.因粒径较大而使其不易团聚,且极易回收,有利于实际应用.     

Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of dye MG by TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-film electrode with cathodic bias potential

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) under visible light irradiation with TiO2-film electrode has been investigated to reveal the mechanism for TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The supported TiO2 electrode was prepared in laboratory and detected by scanning electron micros-copy and X-ray diffractometry. We have examined the degradation kinetics, change in degradation rate of MG and photocurrent change with the bias potential, voltage-induced adsorption of dyes, accumu-lation of ...     

Al掺杂TiO2的制备及酸化处理对其光催化活性的影响

锐钛矿相TiO2的光催化活性高于金红石相。采用化学溶液分解法制备了舢掺杂锐钛矿TiO2,并用硝酸对其进行酸化处理。利用TG—DTA、XRD、FTIR、BET和UV-vis等手段对样品进行了表征,通过对甲基橙的降解分析了酸化处理对Al掺杂TiO2光催化活性的影响。结果表明：掺杂Al能有效抑制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石转变。酸化处理因能增大Al掺杂TiO2的比表面积而使其光催化活性提高。Al／Ti掺杂比为1：4的样品在酸化处理后具有的光催化活性最高,60min后对甲基橙的降解达到100％。     

Synthesis and characterization of Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co₃O₄ nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2+, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the obtained Co₃O₄ particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co₃O₄ particles with a diameter of 30 nm, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2+, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.     

Synthesis of BiOCl photocatalyst by a low-cost,simple hydrolytic technique and its excellent photocatalytic activity

A novel photocatalyst, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) micro-nano particles with a fine ferrite plate structure, was prepared by a low-cost, simple hydrolytic method. The as-prepared BiOCl was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The effects of preparation conditions such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) dispersant, HCl concentration, and heat treatment temperature on BiOCl performances were investigated. Moreover, its photocatalytic activity was evaluated on the degradation of methylene orange (MO) and was compared with that of TiO₂ (P25). The experimental results confirmed that BiOCl micro-nano particles prepared with SDBS, the HCl concentration of 1.5 mol/L, and the heat treatment temperature of 80℃ exhibited the best performance for the photodegradation of MO solution, and they showed good stability and better photocatalytic activity than P25 photocatalyst.     

KIT-6分子筛负载TiO2对罗丹明B光催化降解性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备不同含量的TiO2/KIT-6催化剂,并用XRD,N2吸附,TEM,FI-IR进行表征.负载材料中TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相,负载材料的比表面积和孔体积随其中TiO2负载量的增加而减小,TiO2的平均粒径随其负载量的增加而增大.以罗丹明B为降解物进行降解实验并对不同TiO2负载量,重复使用率上对催化剂活性进行研究.结果表明:罗丹明B的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学,550℃煅烧条件下制备的30%TiO2/KIT-6的催化活性最高.0.01g的催化剂对70mL的浓度为20mg/L的罗丹明B在25min的降解率达到94.5%.