恒电位模式下纯钛阳极氧化膜的形成及结晶特性

以传统的三电极阳极氧化体系为基础,以高纯钛片为工作电极,铂电极为对电极,饱和Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,在0.1mol/L H2SO4溶液中,采用恒电位氧化法对高纯钛片进行了阳极氧化研究,考查了氧化电位以及氧化时间对TiO2薄膜的形成及结晶特性的影响,并利用扫描电镜-能谱仪,拉曼光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪等对所得到的钛表面阳极氧化膜进行了表征.结果表明,当氧化电位、氧化时间分别为6V、60min或者30 V、10min时,所得到的氧化膜中含有锐钛矿型TiO2纳米晶;提高阳极氧化电位、延长氧化时间均有利于钛的各种中间态氧化物向稳定性好的TiO2转化,并有利于阳极氧化膜中锐钛矿型TiO2纳米晶的形成和生长,最终致使氧化物薄膜由含少量纳米晶的短程有序结构转变成以锐钛矿相为主体的长程有序结构.     

适用于微传感器的纳米多孔铝膜的制备研究

在单晶硅表面溅射铝,采用两步阳极氧化法制备纳米多孔铝膜.研究了电解液种类、阳极氧化时间、扩孔时间对孔的结构与形貌的影响.结果表明,与硫酸和磷酸相比,草酸是制备纳米孔阵列的相对方便与可靠的电解液;第二步阳极氧化时间对孔的均匀性及孔深度影响较大,对平均孔径的影响较小;扩孔时间的长短对孔径大小及孔的均匀性均影响显著.     

UV-辐照TiO_2纳米管阵列脱色甲基橙废水研究

在近中性的电解液中,采用恒电压阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜催化剂,研究了阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液中氟离子浓度等对二氧化钛纳米管阵列表观形貌的影响,并分析了其晶型.以甲基橙模拟废水为目标物,测试了催化剂的光催化脱色效率.结果表明:催化剂的制备条件影响其表观形貌和晶型,进而影响其光催化效率;本实验制备的TiO2纳米管阵列的孔内径约为30~50 nm,壁厚约20~25 nm;热处理前催化剂为无定形型,550℃下热处理后的催化剂晶型以锐钛矿为主;同直接光解相比,光催化脱色甲基橙废水的效率提高了40%.     

微弧氧化制备Na2Ti6O13生物活性涂层的研究

为提高钛合金的生物活性与骨诱导能力,利用微弧氧化技术,在钛合金表面原位生成均匀的多孔氧化物陶瓷涂层,并对涂层进行晶化处理,以期提高涂层的生物性能.结果表明,以Na2CO3-NaOH为基础电解液体系,可获得具备一定厚度的涂层.生物活性涂层主相为金红石型TiO2,含有少量锐钛矿型TiO2.涂层经300℃、10h晶化处理后,表面有新相Na2Ti6O13生成,Na2Ti6O13具有一定的生物活性,可提高涂层的生物性能.     

多孔氧化铝膜的制备

采用阳极氧化法在硫酸、草酸、磷酸等电解液中,在高纯度(99.9%)铝片上制备多孔氧化铝膜.结果表明:电解液的类型将影响氧化铝膜上孔洞的孔径大小;而电解液浓度的大小(硫酸取0.38 M～3.80 M,磷酸取1.75 M～5.20 M,草酸取0.11 M～0.56 M)、氧化电压的高低(硫酸电解液电压10～30 V,磷酸电解液电压30～80 V,草酸电解液电压20～100 V)和氧化时间的长短都会影响氧化铝孔膜的形态.     

多孔钛片上二氧化钛纳米管束的制备与表征

在氢氟酸电解液中采用阳极氧化法在多孔钛片上制备了二氧化钛纳米管束.考察了电压对二氧化钛氧化层形貌及温度对二氧化钛晶型的影响.制备的二氧化钛纳米管形貌,晶型及光催化性能分别采用SEM,XRD和光催化还原Pd2+沉积钯膜实验表征.SEM结果表明,最佳阳极氧化电压为30 V.在此电压下制备的二氧化钛纳米管长约为300 nm, 管径约为40 nm, 壁厚约为20 nm.XRD结果显示, 773 K退火后,二氧化钛为锐钛矿型;873 K退火后二氧化钛主要为锐钛矿型,含有2.99% 的金红石相;973 K退火后二氧     

不同氧化条件下的铝阳极氧化膜形貌研究

在硫酸电解液、改性的硫酸电解液及有机酸性电解液体系中进行了铝阳极氧化。采用扫描电镜对氧化膜的形貌及自组织行为进行了研究。结果表明,在硫酸电解液中加入一定量的草酸和易挥发的醇类物质后,能显著降低对氧化膜的化学溶解,在其中可以进行较长时间的阳极氧化并能得到较厚的氧化膜。延长氧化时间能显著提高氧化膜构型的规整度;且该规整度沿着膜孔的纵向方向变化,越靠近孔底部位构型越规整。氧化膜的稳定生长电压与单元尺寸或孔间距之间符合线性关系,比例系数约为2.4nm/V。     

Ti基体上形成微弧氧化膜组成和结构的研究

在甘油磷酸钙和醋酸钙电解液中采用直流电源对纯Ti进行了微弧氧化.采用微弧氧化方法所制备的氧化膜具有粗糙多孔的结构,且微孔直径随着电压的增加而增大.AES分析表明在基体与氧化膜界面发生了扩散,从基体钛到氧化膜的表面氧的浓度逐渐增大,钛的浓度逐渐减小.XPS分析表明氧化膜的组成随着所施加的微弧氧化电压而改变,微弧氧化电压为200 V时TiO2、Ti2O3和TiO占Ti的原子百分比分别为72.61%、22.08%和5.31%;当微弧氧化电压为350 V时氧化膜表面Ti元素只由TiO2、Ti2O3,组成,且占Ti的原子百分比分别为85.48%、14.52%.     

阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列及其表征

采用阳极氧化法在钛金属表面制备出致密有序的TiO2纳米管膜层.利用FESEM、XRD方法研究了不同阳极氧化时间、电解液组成以及退火对TiO2纳米管形貌的影响.讨论了TiO2纳米管的形成机制.     

TiO2-MWCNT复合材料的合成与结构表征

以金属钛粉为钛源、多壁碳纳米管为反应性模板碳源,采用熔盐法在KCl-LiC体系中合成TiC-MWCNT复合材料,并通过混合空气氧化制备TiO2-MWCNT复合材料.采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和扫描电镜对上述产物的晶相结构、光谱特征和表面微观结构进行分析.结果表明,TiC-MWCNTs经过控制氧化后,仍然保持MWCNTs的基本管状形貌,TiC颗粒氧化生成TiO2并均匀地涂覆在多壁碳纳米管表面;TiO2-MWCNT复合材料中TiO2以锐钛矿相存在,平均晶粒尺寸约为13 nm,该复合材料在紫外光和可见光区域都具有良好的光吸收性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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