钢桥面板疲劳热点应力计算模型精度分析

通过建立钢桥面板顶板与U肋焊缝分析模型,考虑不同的单元类型和单元划分精度,计算钢桥面板顶板表面及沿厚度方向的应力分布,分析了不同计算模型精度对应力分布规律的影响,并对比不同热点应力取值方法的计算结果。分析表明:应力集中在焊缝边缘位置表面处最明显,当分析模型单元尺寸足够小时,计算结果收敛。对于顶板焊缝数值计算模型,建议采用8节点实体单元计算热点应力时,板厚方向设置不少于8层单元,采用20节点实体单元计算热点应力时,沿板厚方向设置不少于4层单元。对比几种热点应力取值方法计算结果,不同方法热点应力值相差在10%以内,表面外推法计算结果最大,1 mm方法计算结果最小。     

ANSYS中黏弹性人工边界实现方法

目的解决在大型商业软件中考虑土-结构相互作用时结构地震反应分析的黏弹性边界问题.方法利用combine14单元的黏性和弹性性能,将地震波作为外源波转化为边界节点的输入应力波,开发了一种基于黏弹性人工边界条件的地震波动输入程序.采用二维模型研究了单元尺寸、人工边界修正系数对边界模拟精度的影响.结果单元尺寸大小的选择应该满足一定的条件才能保证计算结果的完整性,不丢失地震波中的主要频率成分;人工边界修正系数的取值小于建议取值范围时,计算结果会发生明显的漂移,人工边界修正系数的取值大于取值范围时,在收敛前计算结果会有很大波动,导致模拟精度的降低.结论算例验证表明该边界条件精度满足要求,能够实现地震波动输入,且操作简便,易于应用.     

正交异性钢桥面板焊接节点应力集中系数

以千米级斜拉桥苏通大桥为工程背景,建立桥面板纵肋与盖板节点有限元模型,基于国内外现有的几种焊接节点热点应力计算方法,对节点焊缝周围的热点应力和应力集中系数进行数值计算,全面分析单元类型、网格划分对计算结果的影响,并通过将现场实测的应力集中系数与数值分析的相应结果进行比较,从而确立热点应力的有效计算方法,获得了节点焊缝周围的应力分布规律和应力集中系数.最后分析了板件几何参数对热点应力集中的影响.     

平面外弯矩作用下T形圆管节点热点应力分布

确定钢管相贯节点热点应力沿相贯焊缝的分布情况是计算热点应力极值的基础.对平面外弯矩作用下的T形圆管相贯节点焊缝处热点应力分布开展研究,并提出了其应力分布曲线方程.利用径向拉伸法建立了T形圆钢管相贯节点的有限元网格模型,对焊趾处热点应力分布的计算结果进行了可靠性分析,并将三种不同密度网格模型的应力分析结果进行对比.结果表...     

公路组合桥面钢桁梁桥整体式节点计算对比

钢桁梁桥在进行全桥有限元计算时,节点的精确模拟与否直接影响计算结果的准确性.传统空间梁单元模型只能反映结构的整体受力,不能反映局部详细应力分布,然而局部应力分布也是桥梁设计的重要依据.为了对比分析空间梁单元模型与精细组合单元模型节点刚性对全桥整体变形和应力分布的影响,以跨径90 m、桥面宽18m公路简支钢桁梁桥为研究背景,分别采用Midas Civil与ABAQUS有限元软件建立三维梁单元模型与精细组合单元模型.采用不同恒载与车辆荷载工况进行加载,对比分析了梁单元模型与组合单元模型相应杆件的应力分布与相对差值;最后通过实桥原位实验证明了精细组合单元模型计算结果的有效性.研究表明,三维梁单元模型简单易行,可以快速给出钢桁梁桥整体计算结果,而精细组合单元模型能够准确考虑节点刚性对于钢桁梁桥整体变形的影响,并给出关注部位详细应力分布.     

单元尺寸对复合材料层压板蒙皮鸟撞模拟的影响分析

通过仿真与试验的对比分析,分析结构单元尺寸对飞机尾翼复合材料蒙皮鸟撞模拟精度的影响。基于PAM-CRASH软件,用光滑粒子流体动力学方法建立适航条例所规定鸟体结构模型,用二维壳单元模拟层压板结构,通过试算计算出多种单元尺寸下结构破损的临界速度。结果表明,在层压板不发生破损的情况下,单元尺寸对位移计算结果影响很小;临界破损速度的计算值随着单元尺寸的增大而增大;当层压板单元尺寸为5 mm时,临界破损速度和应变响应与实测结果吻合最好。     

支柱瓷绝缘子表面裂纹应力强度因子的有限元分析

通过ANSYS实体建模方法创建了含半椭圆表面裂纹的支柱瓷绝缘子有限元模型,裂纹前缘采用三维20节点等参退化奇异单元模拟尖端的应力应变奇异性,利用1/4节点法计算了弯曲载荷作用下瓷绝缘子裂纹前沿的应力场强度因子,得出KI随裂纹尺寸、位置及载荷水平改变时的变化规律.计算结果表明:相同条件下,支柱下法兰口与底部第一伞裙之间的表面裂纹最深点具有最大的应力强度因子,且KI值随裂纹形状比的增大而减小,随裂纹深度及载荷的增大而增大.     

TGO均匀生长及典型界面形貌特征对热障涂层残余应力的影响

考虑到热障涂层中陶瓷层/粘结层界面间的热生长氧化物以及粘结层的表面形貌,模拟计算了热障涂层中锥形坑对热生长氧化层与陶瓷层、粘结层界面残余应力分布.计算结果表明,形貌单元尺寸及分布密度对热生长氧化物界面应力有明显的影响,热生长氧化物层与陶瓷层界面的应力大于与粘结层界面的应力,在形貌中心处存在应力集中,并且达到最大值,形貌中心是涂层失效的危险点,其残余应力随着界面形貌单元数量的增加而减小.     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层对路面防裂的影响

应用有限元软件ANSYS,采用三维八节点固体单元有限元模型,分析了橡胶沥青应力吸收层的设置对路面防裂的影响,并探讨了应力吸收层的模量和厚度的合理取值。结果表明:设置橡胶沥青应力吸收层可以减少沥青面层在裂缝区的应力集中,增加路面结构的疲劳寿命,延长路面使用年限。     

桁架结构强度计算研究

分别采用轴力杆单元、弯曲-轴力梁单元和三维实体单元的有限元法对桁架结构进行静力分析.计算结果表明:采用轴力杆单元和采用梁单元的轴向应力接近,采用实体单元节点处的最大等效应力远高于杆单元模型和梁单元模型的应力,采用实体模型的位移大于杆单元和梁单元的位移;理想桁架中应力为零的杆件,用梁单元和实体单元计算应力并不为零;桁杆两端和节点存在应力集中,等效应力数值远大于杆件的应力.理想桁架的计算方法的杆件轴向应力虽然计算精度较高,但是不能反映节点的应力集中,桁架的强度计算应该考虑节点的应力集中.文中研究结果可以用于井架及电塔结构的强度设计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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