三维宽浅河道水流数学模型研究

针对宽浅河道水流的特点,建立了一个基于分层积分降维数值解法的三维浅水紊流数值模型。通过对弯道水流的验证计算,其计算成果和试验值能较好地吻合。笔者等建立的数学摸型特别适合用来解决宽浅河道及河口水流问题。     

双时间尺度紊流模型在工程中的应用

采用Kim双时间尺度紊流模型对闸后水跃和泄洪洞进口的水流结构进行模型，并与试验进行了比较，计算结果与试验资料基本一致，计算结果表明，双时间尺度紊流模型较标准的K-ε紊流模型有较大的改进。     

开敞性水域水流三维数值模拟

针对开敞性宽浅型水域的水流结构特性，以静压假定建立垂向水深无量纲水流运动三维计算模式，并引入ｋ－ε紊流模型求解垂向紊动粘性系数，连云港实例计算表明，模式计算结果合理，精度高。     

浅水方程模型模拟刚性非淹没植物阻流特性

将植物假设为刚性非淹没圆柱体, 考虑植物在水流中占据的体积, 采用时间空间双平均方法, 将植物作用力作为阻力项引入浅水方程. 用有限差分方法将改进的浅水方程进行离散, 建立植物区浅水方程数学模型. 模型计算结果与试验测量、经验公式符合较好.     

二维溃坝洪水波演进的数值模拟及动态显示

采用基于MacCormack预测—校正技术的隐式数值格式求解控制水流运动的二维浅水方程，建立了模拟大坝瞬间全溃或局部溃倒所致的洪水演进过程的数学模型；应用该模型对矩形明渠中缓、急流过渡的水面曲线进行了数值计算，并与理论解进行了比较；最后用该模型预测了矩形河道中大坝瞬间局部溃倒的洪水演进过程，并对模拟结果进行了定性分析。比较与分析结果表明，该模型对模拟溃坝洪水波很有效。     

回流流动及各向异性剪切紊流的数值模拟

本文对两类复杂紊流——存在回流区的单边突扩流动和强各向异性的剪切紊流进行了数值模拟．利用简化的紊流应力代数模型闭合紊流运动方程组进行计算，将计算结果与实测结果及k-ε紊流模型的计算结果作了比较．通过计算和对紊流模型进行结构分析可见，本文的模型能较好地模拟回流和紊流的各向异性特征，而k-ε模型不能．     

尾水河道冲击射流数值模拟研究

对具有工程意义的挑射水流冲击射流导致的尾水河道三维紊流流场进行了数值模拟,计算中考虑了固体边界条件和自由水面条件对水流结构的影响,计算结果表明所采用的数值方法是可行的。结果是合理的。     

一种适用于潜坝流场计算的全流模型

根据浅水方程的基本假定，针对工程问题研究的实际需要，结合动量系数的定义，从理论上建立了一种适用于潜坝水流场计算的全流模型。该模型是对浅水方程模型的推广，适用于潜坝等工程建筑物的水流场数值计算。     

空调房间气流组织的模拟研究

以中间侧送风、不回风的流场作为数值计算及实验研究的模型，在对数学模型及物理模型进行理论分析的基础上，对常规下的K－ε模型进行了修正，并运用K－ε紊流模型计算了空调房间的气流组织，用离散方法对边界条件进行了处理，并把数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，实验结果运用K－ε紊流模型计算空调房间的气流组织是可行的，并把数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，实验结果证明运用K－ε紊流模型计算空调房间的气流组织是可行的，计算结果丰富并弥补了实验研究的不足。     

丁坝群三维水流数值研究

丁坝是河道整治及防洪护岸工程中一种常见的建筑物,丁坝水流一般是具有不规则的曲面边界和自由表面的三维紊流,本文采用修正的K-ε模型封闭Reynolds方程作为紊流控制方程、引入通度概念处理不规则边界、引入VOF法追踪自由表面,对丁坝群三维水流进行了数值模拟,给出了自由表面形状、流速分布图及回流长度,并与试验结果进行了比较,从水流条件出发,给出了丁坝群间距的推荐值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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