福建省洪涝灾害经济损失趋势分析

采用灾损度DLD和环境不稳定度EI两个要素,构建了灾害经济损失指数DELI(灾损度指数)指标对灾害经济损失进行评估,并应用它对福建省洪涝灾害经济损失趋势变化进行了分析.研究表明:利用灾损度指数对灾害经济损失评估的方法是可行的,不受灾害发生的时间和地点限制,可比性强,资料信息源多,计算方便,适用范围广;福建省洪涝灾害灾损度指数呈波动上升趋势,反映出福建洪涝灾情加重、灾害本身损失加大与福建省环境不稳定度加大有关,和实际情况相符.     

临武县暴雨洪涝灾害及风险区划评估

临武县位于湖南省最南端的南岭山脉之中,是南北气候的交汇区,也是山洪灾害地质多发区之一。随着人口的增加和社会经济的快速发展,在相同洪涝程度的条件下,洪涝灾害所造成的损失也越来越大,严重阻碍了当地社会经济的可持续发展。该文通过对临武县1960年以来的致灾性暴雨洪涝资料进行统计分析,系统分析了临武县暴雨洪涝灾害的特征。得出临武县暴雨洪涝灾害具有季节性强,并有一定的周期性,地形地势和人为因素大的明显特征,并对洪涝灾害进行了风险区划评估,提出了暴雨洪涝灾害的防御措施及建议。相信对临武县的防洪抗灾工作会有一定的参考价值。     

洪涝灾害评估研究综述

洪涝灾害在世界范围内发生频繁,灾情严重,带来损失巨大.对洪涝灾害的评估是认识和管理洪涝灾害的前提和要求.洪涝灾害评估可以分为灾前评估、灾中评估和灾后评估三个阶段.文章聚焦于灾前评估和灾后评估,在界定了相关概念的基础上,从致灾因子、孕灾环境的危险性和承灾体的脆弱性等角度概括了洪涝灾害风险评估的内容,从指标确定、损失计量和等级划分等角度介绍了洪涝灾害损失评估的内容,并列出了主流研究方法.最后,对洪涝灾害评估的未来研究方向作了展望.     

洪灾损失评估方法及其应用研究

洪涝灾害是当今世界上主要的自然灾害,防治洪水灾害是世界各国普遍关注的问题,洪灾损失评估是防洪减灾领域的一项基础性工作,在防汛指挥调度和抢险救灾等工作中急需一套适用、易行、可靠的洪涝灾害损失评估模型.在分析技术路线的基础上,提出洪灾损失评估计算方法,并以浑河为实例,验证提出的洪灾损失评估方法.     

国内外洪涝灾害评估进展与应用研究综述

全球变暖导致暴雨洪涝灾害频发,该文通过研究近年来国内外洪涝灾害评估的进展,试图找到对有效合理评估洪涝灾损有指导意义的相关研究。结果表明,通过处理NPP-VIIRS夜光遥感数据能够得到较可靠的城市洪涝灾损面积;利用Arcpy库叠加城市洪涝变化过程和社会经济数据可以对洪涝灾害直接经济损失进行动态评估;利用近实时洪水事件中财产保险索赔的网格总计数,结合潜在洪水区并提取区内预测因子和变量,建立可运用于多场景的洪水财产保险索赔模型。     

山西省主要气象灾害特征及风险评估——基于暴雨洪涝灾害气象数据融合的实证视角

 立足于山西省暴雨洪涝气象数据融合的实证视角,通过对山西省109个气象站点,1957-2008年的暴雨洪涝灾害数据,山西省经济发展数据、地理数据的高度融合,从致灾因子、孕灾因子、承灾体因子和防灾减灾因子4 个维度出发,构建山西省暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估模型,并选择太原市、大同市、晋城市、朔州市、晋中市和临汾市进行实证分析,综合评估这6 个城市的暴雨洪涝灾害致灾指数。研究成果不仅能够从实践上指导山西省在暴雨洪涝预测及防灾减灾方面的实践工作,而且从理论方法上对气象灾害研究提出独特的分析见解。     

面向重大洪涝灾害应急响应的灾情动态评估方法研究

以2018年8月山东寿光洪涝灾害为例,根据应急响应阶段救援队伍重点关注的承灾体灾情对象,以区域洪水淹没历时为致灾因子强度指标,采用灾情指数法构建了一种用于辅助洪涝灾害应急救援决策的洪涝灾害灾情动态应急评估方法—应急灾情指数法,包括:1）利用多时相遥感影像,获取8月21—25日山东寿光洪水淹没区域动态提取结果;2）基于淹没历时,结合人口、土地利用类型和道路等基础地理数据,计算应急灾情指数;3）利用应急灾情指数对洪涝灾害淹没区域的灾情实现应急动态评估．结果表明,本次洪涝灾害过程中,受灾最严重的区域为淹没区西部的口子村、东北部的南宅科村、李家营村、李家湾村和东部的佛屋村,该区域是此次洪水事件中应急救援的核心区域,并利用网络灾情对评估结果进行验证．本文提出的基于应急灾情指数的洪涝灾害灾情动态评估方法的评估结果良好,评估精度较高．研究结果以期为洪涝动态评估提供方法参考,并为寿光市洪涝灾害应急救援工作提供科学依据．      

基于熵权-灰色关联度分析的暴雨洪涝灾情评估方法

洪涝灾害造成的危害广泛且复杂,合理的洪涝灾害灾情评估方法是制定有效防灾减灾措施的关键手段。根据《洪涝灾情评估标准》(SL579—2012),结合死亡人口、受灾人口、农作物受灾面积、直接经济损失、倒塌房屋、水利设施经济损失等关键影响因素,建立了洪涝灾害评价指标。综合灰色关联度分析法和熵权法,提出一种针对暴雨洪涝灾情的分级评估方法,并以2014—2018年的全国年度洪灾数据为例进行应用,结合评估结果和实际情况,提出了暴雨洪涝灾害防灾减灾工作的建议。结果表明：全国暴雨洪涝灾情熵权-灰色关联度数值高的区域集中在东南区域和西北区域,防洪防涝工作重点分别在城市防洪和沙漠防洪;2016年全国暴雨灾情熵权-灰色关联度分级属于较大洪涝灾害年。     

经济发展与洪涝时空变化的相关分析 --以海河流域为例

介绍了历史上海河流域洪涝灾发生的次数、受灾范围,受害程度等.通过对洪涝灾害在时间上和空间上的分析,揭示了洪涝灾在历史上的时空分布规律.并在此基础上,说明洪涝灾对经济的影响.     

基于灰色灾变理论的湖南洪涝灾害预测

洪涝灾害灾变系统是一个复杂的灰色系统.根据湖南省1980-2007年洪涝灾害统计数据建立了灰色灾变预测模型GM(1,1),发现湖南省洪涝灾害的发生呈现出周期波动性和损失越来越严重的特点,在未来10年中,2010年和2017年将可能发生轻灾,2012年、2015年和2019年将可能发生重大洪灾,2013年和2016年将可能发生特大洪涝灾害.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to