成都麻羊屠宰性状测定

通过对成年成都麻羊母羊(n=14)和六月龄母羊(n=5)的屠宰性状测定,结果显示,成年成都麻羊母羊宰前活重为31.31±2.10kg,胴体重为14.68±1.52kg,屠宰率为51.36±2.24%,净肉重为12.15±1.32kg,净肉率为38.8±1.49%.六月龄母羊的宰前活重为16.20±0.43kg,胴体重为7.00±0.41kg,净肉重为5.2±0.32kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为43.20±1.32%和32.10±1.02%.成年成都麻羊宰前活重与胴体重和净肉重的回归方程分别为y1=0.271x 5.288和y2=0.132x 5.812.     

尼玛县绒山羊的生长发育和产绒性能

经测定尼玛县藏山羊的生长发育和产绒性能,研究结果:羔羊初生重公羔为2.07±0.19kg,母羔为1.99±0.15kg, 公羔比母羔重约0.08kg,差异不显著(P>0.05);断奶重公羔为8 34±0.94kg,母羔为8.13±0.98kg,公羔比母羔重0.21kg, 差异极显著(P<0.01);周岁体重公羊为19.22±2.62kg,母羊为15.19±1.85kg;2岁体重公羊为28.11±4.09kg,母羊为 20.36±2.62kg;3岁以上公羊为36.66±5.89kg,母羊为23.31±2.61kg,周岁后体重在公羊与母羊间差异极显著(P<0.01);周 岁、2岁和3岁以上的体尺随年龄的增长而增大;产绒量周岁公羊为187.70±54.55g,母羊为175.61±33.90g,2岁公羊为 209.10±41.99g,母羊为191.10±31.20g,3岁以上公羊为324.00±80.20g,母羊为286.10±60.20g,产绒量在性别间差异极显 著(P<0.01),产绒量随着年龄的增长逐渐增加;绒层高度在年龄间差异不显著(P>0.05);在3岁以后生长发育和产绒性能 均趋于稳定.     

草地藏系绵羊贾洛类群生产性能研究

通过对150不同性别各年龄段贾洛羊的体尺、体重测定,以及对成年公羊（n=4）成年羯羊（n=6）的屠宰测定,结果得出：成年公羊的屠宰率为63．75±3．59％净肉率为35．00±0．82％,胴体重为37．33±5．05kg,肉骨比3．91．成年羯羊屠宰率为67．17±2.32％,净肉率为40．83±1．17％,胴体重为32．17±3．25kg,肉骨比5．15．成年贾洛羊的宰前活重X与净肉重Y的回归方程为y=1．761x＋23．915．     

成都麻羊的产肉性能与乳常规营养成分研究

对成都麻羊成年母羊和6月龄母羊进行了屠宰测定,分析了肉和常乳的常规营养成分以及肉氨基酸含量.结果表明,成都麻羊成年母羊宰前活重31.31±2.10kg、胴体重14.68±1.52kg、净肉重12.15±1.32kg、内脂重1.40±0.08kg、屠宰率为51.36±2.24%、净肉率为31.77±4.0%;成都麻羊6月龄母羊宰前活重16.2±0.43、胴体重7.0±0.41kg、净肉重5.2±0.32kg、屠宰率为43.21±1.32%、净肉率为38.81±1.49%、.成年母羊鲜肉常规营养成分含量(%)水份71.44 0.22,粗蛋白20.4±0.04,粗脂肪10.69±0.12,能量7968.90±175.16KJ/kg.成年母羊鲜肉氨基酸含量(mg/100g)氨基酸总量27940.0±550.0、必需氨基酸11035.0±65.0、非必需氨基酸16905.0±495.0;成都麻羊乳常规营养成分含量(g/L)乳蛋白45.8±2.2,乳脂59.3±3.3、乳糖44.0±3.2.     

美姑山羊体尺体重相关分析及生长曲线模型拟合

根据四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县三岗种羊场的382只美姑山羊出生后各月龄的体重及体尺记载资料,采用SPSS19.0对公、母羊主要生长性状进行了显著性比较和相关性分析,对Gompertz、Bertalanffy和Logistic 3种生长拟合模型的体重增长曲线拟合度进行了比较分析,对美姑山羊生长曲线选择了较为适宜的拟合方程,旨在为合理利用美姑山羊种质资源和选种繁育提供依据。结果表明:(1)美姑山羊公羊3月龄体重、6月龄体重、8月龄体重、周岁体重都极显著高于母羊同时期体重;性别对山羊体重的影响很大。(2)相关性分析结果表明,在控制变量体高和体长,体重与胸围具有显著性差异;而控制体高和胸围或控制体长和胸围后,体重与体长或体高差异均不显著。R2为0.977,所以体重可以用胸围通过方程表示,回归方程:Y=1.114x-48.174,其中Y为体重(kg);x代表胸围(cm)。真实值与预测值差异在3.564 kg之内。(3)选用Gompertz、Bertalanffy和Logistic等3种非线性生长模型分别对美姑山羊公羊母羊生长进行拟合,公羊生长曲线最佳模型选择Logistic:W=53.94×(1+2.74e-0.106t)-1;母羊生长曲线最佳模型选择Gompertz:W=50.15×e~(-1.44exp(-0.023t))。     

戴瑞奶绵羊在内蒙古乌兰察布市引种观察

绵羊奶的营养价值高,市场前景广阔,内蒙古具备发展奶绵羊产业的良好条件.戴瑞羊(DairyMeade)是新西兰培育的乳用绵羊新品种,本实验以冷冻胚胎的形式将戴瑞羊从新西兰引进至内蒙古乌兰察布市,并对舍饲条件下戴瑞羊的生长指标、超数排卵性能和繁殖性能、乳成分、羊毛品质和适应性进行了观测.结果显示:1)戴瑞羊的生长速度快,公羊12月龄平均体重达88.81±8.42kg,母羊12月龄平均体重达73.3±4.28kg; 2)自然发情状态下的供体母羊超排后只均总胚数为14.4枚,只均可用胚数为12.2枚; CIDR同期后的供体母羊超排后只均总胚数为15.9枚,只均可用胚数为13.4枚; 3)每100g绵羊奶中的乳蛋白(5.56g)、乳脂(10.00g)、钙(204mg)、磷(160mg)、锌(0.71mg)、镁(169mg)、维生素C(4.3mg)、维生素B_2(1.75mg)和维生素B_(12)(0.54μg)的含量均明显高于山羊奶和牛奶; 4)周岁公羊的产毛量为3.50±1.00kg,伸直长度为10.27±2.13cm,细度为33.20±5.81μm;周岁母羊的产毛量为3.26±0.48kg,伸直长度为10.48±1.78cm,细度为32.55±3.22μm; 5)戴瑞羊在乌兰察布地区舍饲条件下的适应性较好,高密度饲养条件下少部分羊会出现咳嗽的症状.本研究为戴瑞羊在内蒙古乌兰察布地区的养殖和今后的种质创新利用提供了有价值的参考.     

应用波尔山羊提高成都麻羊产肉性能研究

通过波尔山羊与成都麻羊二元杂交试验，含波血75％、50％和25％的杂种羊，均比成都麻羊的产肉性能有明显的提高。在不同生长发育阶段,含波血75％和50％的杂种羊体尺和体重均极显著大于成都麻羊（P＜0．01）；含波血25％的杂种羊体尺和体重也多极显著大于成都麻羊（P＜0．01）。含波血75％，50％和25％的杂种羊，24月龄公羊体重比成都麻羊相应重30．9kg、25．6kg和3．6kg，分别提高78．6％、65．1％和9．2％，差异极显著（P＜0．01），母羊比成都麻羊相应重21．7kg 17.3kg和4．5kg，分别提高66．6％53．1％和13．8％，差异极显著（P＜0．01）。含波血75％，50％和25％的杂种羊的日增重，在哺乳期公羊比成都麻羊相应重67．4g、66．7g和15g，分别提高59．5％、58．9％和13．2％，母羊比成都麻羊相应重41．7g、50．0g和11．2g，分别提高38．5％、46．2％和10．3％。杂种羊日增重在4月龄内都还明显高于成都麻羊， 特别是含波血75％和50％的杂种羊更为突出，保持高速增重时间长，在周岁内日增重公羊是成都麻羊的2．8倍和3．0倍，母羊相应为2．1倍和2．3倍。杂种羊的繁殖性能与成都麻羊比较差异不大。含波血75％，50％和25％的杂种羊的产肉性能与成都麻羊比较提高非常明显，6月龄羯羊的胴体重分别比成都麻羊重5．9kg、5．0kg和2．5kg，屠宰率相应高8．4、6．4和3．8个百分点，净肉率分别高7．9、6．7和4．0个百分点，差异均极显著（P＜0．01）。     

影响6月龄大足黑山羊体质量的体尺指标筛选

运用SPSS14．0软件分析6月龄重庆市大足黑山羊公羊、母羊的体尺与体质量相关关系．结果表明：公、母羊的体尺指标均与其体质量有显著的相关性（p〈0．05）,其中公羊尻高、胸深、体长以直接作用为主,其余则以间接作用为主;母羊胸围、腰角宽、体高、尻高以直接作用为主．公羊最优回归方程：Y=-20．789＋0.227 X2＋0．348 X3＋0．433 X5;母羊：Y=-14．713＋0．140X1＋0．145 X3＋0．321 X4--0．190 X．8     

泸宁鸡品种调查

产于四川省冕宁县泸宁、里庄等地的泸宁鸡,成年公鸡体重为2.54公斤,母鸡为2.24公斤。成年淘汰公鸡的屠宰率为73.54％,胸腿肌占屠体重的40.98％;成年淘汰母鸡的屠宰率为72.22％,胸腿肌占屠体重的42.66％。鸡肉肉质鲜美。母鸡年产蛋130～200枚。约有占调查统计数20.45％的母鸡年产蛋在180枚～200枚以上。平均蛋重为55.61克。蛋质较好,蛋壳褐色,蛋形指数为74.28％:蛋的煮熟率为98.36％,熟蛋黄占熟蛋重的31.87%;蛋壳厚度为0.334毫米。该鸡八周龄体重为667.33克,比相同饲养管理下的白洛克鸡重12.27％。且耐粗饲,觅食力和抗病力强。是一个很有发展前途的地方良种。     

安哥拉山羊与建昌黑山羊杂交效应分析

以安哥拉山羊为父本级进交改良建昌黑山羊,观察杂种羊体形外貌, 定全尺,体重,产毛量,被毛品质及繁殖力。结果表明,F1、F2体尺、体重具有明显的杂种优势,F1育成羊体重,体重,体直长,胸围以及F2成年体重,体直长,胸围极显著高于建昌黑山羊（P＜0．01）,F2以上的杂种羊体形外貌趋向安哥拉山羊,白色个体F1,占90．0％,F2占93．5％,F3占100．0％,F3较F2同质个体增加12．76％（P＜0．05）,被毛密度增大,腹毛着生好,杂种羊被毛中无髓无的细度随代数增加而变粗,有髓毛则变细,成年母羊无髓毛和两型毛的重量比,F2占82．88％,F3占94．9％,杂种羊无髓毛强度和伸长随代数增加而增加,成年母羊剪毛量F1为0.53kg,F2为0.96kg,F3为1.04kg,净毛率2O地76．7％,F3为76．0％,繁殖成活率建昌黑山羊仅为63．8％,而F1、F2和F3分别比建昌黑山羊高12．6％（P＜0．05）、10．6％和7．2％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the