利用EPS膜间作用能评价不同SRT下其污染潜能

考察了不同SRT条件下EPS膜污染潜能,并分析了不同污泥龄(SRT)条件下EPS与PVDF膜间的界面能参数及相互作用能形貌.结果表明,SRT 30 d的EPS与PVDF膜之间的界面自由能(ΔGadh)比SRT 15 d的EPS与PVDF膜之间的界面自由能(ΔGadh)减少12.3%.SRT 15 d的EPS到达PVDF膜表面比SRT 30 d的EPS到达膜表面需要多克服4.2 KT的斥力相互作用能.过滤实验显示SRT 15 d的EPS导致了65.2%的通量衰减,而SRT 30 d的EPS引起了57.2%的通量衰减.这一结果进一步证实了与SRT 15 d的EPS相比较,SRT 30 d的EPS具有更低的污染潜能.     

电凝聚膜生物反应器膜过滤特性

以模拟印染废水为研究对象,考察了ECMBR和MBR系统中的膜污染和污泥混合液特性.结果表明:两系统膜过滤阻力均以沉积阻力为主,MBR和ECMBR中沉积阻力分占总阻力的99%和9334%,但ECMBR总阻力仅为普通MBR污泥总阻力的1/4,电凝聚可有效降低沉积层阻力.对比分析两系统中的混合液特性,ECMBR中污泥平均粒径大,Zeta电位绝对值小,胞外聚合物和溶解性微生物产物浓度低,污泥相对疏水性较高.电凝聚通过改变混合液特性,从而有效改善膜生物反应器过滤性能,增加膜通量,减少膜过滤阻力.     

膜生物反应器中的非丝状菌污泥膨胀

研究了膜生物反应器中非丝状菌膨胀的原因以及此类膨胀对污泥混合液过滤性能的影响和通过污泥黏度、胞外聚合物和污泥颗粒粒径三方面对膜生物反应器中的污泥混合液进行了分析；运用死端过滤实验方法，研究了非丝状菌膨胀时污泥混合液过滤性能的影响，实验结果表明，污泥沉降性能与污泥黏度有较好的相关性，活性污泥中的胞外聚合物是引起非丝状菌膨胀的关键因素；膜生物反应器中污泥非丝状菌膨胀主要因反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物所致；非丝状菌污泥膨胀极大影响了污泥混合液的过滤性能，污泥膨胀后过滤阻力急剧增大．     

浸没板式膜MBR处理生活污水的试验研究

采用浸没板式膜生物反应器(MBR)中试系统针对学生宿舍与食堂混合排水进行处理.系统采用A/O工艺,日处理污水4 m3.当进水BOD5和CODCr分别为90~450 mg.L-1,120~900 mg.L-1时,出水BOD5和CODCr分别为5~25 mg.L-1,8~45 mg.L-1,均得到了90%以上的去除率.同时对出水色度去除以及膜污染进行了全面实验研究,采用活性炭吸附可有效去除处理水色度,被污染的膜采用机械及药物方法清洗后可有效恢复通量.研究结果认为浸没板式膜生物反应器适用于中小规模的生活及产业有机废水的处理,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Landfill leachate treatment by MBR： Performance and molecular weight distribution of organic contaminant

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with an air-lift bioreactor and gravity flow is applied to treating landfill leachate. More than 99% of BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand for five days) removal effi-ciency is achieved with less than 35 mg/L of BOD_5 in the effluent at less than 1.71 kg BOD5/m~3·d of BOD_5 loading rate. When DO (dissolved oxygen) is maintained at the range of 2.3―2.8 mg/L and the loading rate of NH_4~ -N (ammonium nitrogen) is kept at 0.16― 0.24 kg NH_4~ -N/m~3·d, the NH_4~ -N in the effluent is less than 15 mg/L. However, compared with high removal rates of BOD_5 and NH_4~ -N, the removal effi-ciency of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) varies between 70% and 96%. The investigation of molecular weight (MW) distribution has been carried out by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) so as to understand the fate of organic matters in the MBR treating of landfill leachate. Results indicate that organic matters of the landfill leachate are composed of a high MW fraction (MW of the peak, MWp = 11480―13182 Da) and a low MW fraction (MWp = 158―275 Da). The high MW fraction is not biode-gradable, but can be decreased with microfiltration membrane. The most of the low MW fraction is bio-degradable, but the residue of the low MW fraction is able to permeate through the membrane, thus re-sulting in high SCOD in the effluent of the MBR.     

膜生物反应器低温自补偿作用的探讨

低温条件下一体式膜生物反应器净化城市生活污水具有稳定的处理效果.实验分析表明,温度降低,微生物降解能力减弱,膜对溶质的分离率提高,增强了膜的筛滤作用;浓差极化作用得到加强,利于凝胶层的形成,从而增强凝胶层的筛滤/吸附作用,使系统出水水质提高.即低温下膜生物反应器净化水中有机物具有自补偿作用.     

不同曝气强度下MBR污泥混合液可滤性分析

研究了曝气强度对膜-生物反应器（MBRs）污泥混合液的可滤性的影响．2套MBRs采用曝气强度分别为500L/h及100L／h恒流出水模式连续运行60d,应用污泥混合液过滤装置测定污泥混合液的可滤性．结果表明：过高的曝气强度将恶化污泥混合液的可滤性,增加膜污染速率;曝气强度的增加将导致污泥混合液上清液中相对分子质量大于10000的溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMP）浓度增加,此部分大分子有机物浓度的增加恶化了污泥混合液的可滤性;曝气强度大于500L／d也将导致污泥絮体中1～10um细小颗粒和胞外聚合物（EPS）含量的增加．     

膜生物流化床的膜污染控制特性

通过传统膜生物反应器(MBR)和膜生物流化床(MBFB)的对比试验,研究了2个系统的膜过滤特性.并从生物质量浓度及结构、胞外聚合物(EPS)的含量与组成、以及污泥沉降性能3个方面分析了MBFB中混合液性质的改变对膜污染控制的影响.结果表明:MBFB具有更优越的抗膜污染性能,平均膜污染速率仅为MBR的38.8%;MBFB中微生物以附着生物膜为主,悬浮污泥质量浓度(MLSS)仅为总生物质量浓度的41%,减轻了悬浮污泥在膜面的沉积和游离细菌对膜孔的堵塞;MBFB混合液中EPS的含量及蛋白质、可溶性EPS(SEPS)所占比例较之MBR明显降低,且EPS不易黏附在膜面形成污染;MBFB和MBR长期运行的污泥容积指数SVI值分别在80和180 mL/g左右,较低的SVI值使MBFB的跨膜压力(TMP)上升速率得到良好控制,延长了膜过滤周期.     

三氯化铁混凝作用提高膜生物反应器混合液可滤性

探讨了投加三氯化铁对膜生物反应器（MBR）膜污染减缓的影响,比较了复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）和传统膜生物反应器（CMBR）污泥混合液的可滤性．结果表明：当Fe（Ⅲ）的投加量为1．2mmol／L时,能最大程度地提高污泥混合液的可滤性;稳定阶段的HMBR膜污染速率大约是CMBR的40％;Fe（Ⅲ）强化去除了上清液中分子质量（MW）〉10kDa的溶解性微生物产物（SMP）;上清液中大分子有机物的去除有助于提高污泥混合液的可滤性．污泥絮体中胞外聚合物（EPS）的元素分析表明,Fe（Ⅲ）与EPS中的负电官能团相互结合,增大了污泥颗粒．     

FTIR-ATR chamber for observation of efflorescence and deliquescence processes of NaClO4 aerosol particles on ZnSe substrate

NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5-20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to observe the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity （CRH） and deliquescence relative humidity （DRH）. With the decrease of RH （relative humidity） from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm^-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are observed when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en- velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4^- solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually interfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm^-1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the v3-ClO4^- band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4^- ions.     

Composite polymer electrolyte membranes supported by non-woven fabrics for lithium-ion polymer batteries

Since marketing in 1999, lithium-ion polymer batteryhas attracted great attention with its various merits such aslight weight, high energy density and good safety. Poly-mer electrolyte membrane, the key material for lith-ium-ion polymer battery, greatly influences the electro-chemical performances, and it is always among the fo-cuses of the lithium-ion polymer battery research field toprepare polymer gel electrolyte membranes of high ionicconductivity and good electrochemical stability[1]. …     

混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水

采用膜生物反应器对印染废水进行好氧生物活性处理,并对处理水样的化学耗氧量、生物耗氧量、色度和浊度等各项水质指标进行连续测定、分析与处理.实验结果表明:膜生物反应器在混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)质量浓度约5～8 g/L的条件下运行,当系统进水的化学耗氧量(COD_(Cr))为750-900 mg/L,生物耗氧量(BOD)为130-250 mg/L,色度为100-200倍时,出水COD_(Cr),去除率可高达86.6%,BOD、色度、浊度以及悬浮固体(SS)质量浓度几乎为0,处理效果较好.采用混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水技术可行.     

垂直振动激励下不同状态物料的宏观混合效果

为了解振动混合应用于不同状态被混物料时,物料状态对宏观混合效果的影响,采用垂直振动混合方式对液-液体系、固体填料黏合剂体系和颗粒体系进行混合研究,观测和记录混合发展过程。在频率为60 Hz、振幅为2 mm的工况下对甘油水溶液、高黏态火炸药模拟物、铝粉颗粒进行振动混合研究。结果表明,不同状态物料振动混合强度影响因素不同;对于液-液混合体系,液体黏度是影响其混合强度的主要因素,黏度越小混合越剧烈;对于颗粒体系,流散性是影响其混合强度的主要因素,流散性越好混合越剧烈;对于固体填料黏合剂体系,液相组分的黏度和固相组分的流散性共同影响混合强度,固体填料黏合剂体系的混合是基于物料的缠结和撕裂来实现的。     

Isothermal Kinetics of the Pentlandite Exsolution from mss/Pyrrhotite Using Model-Free Method

Introduction Pyrrhotite(Fe,Ni)1?xS and pentlandite(Fe,Ni)9S8areimportant constituents of primary nickel sulfide oredeposits.Pentlandite is invariably associated with pyr-rhotite.At high temperatures(above610℃)(Fe,Ni)1?xS has the NiAs structure and is kno…     

黑液体系驱油产出液的研究

对黑液体系驱油过程中产出液的性质进行了分析，研究了黑液体系的驱油机理。利用滴质量法、落球法分别测定了黑液体系驱油产出液的表面张力、粘度，同时测定了ｐＨ值，由此得到相应的产出液分析曲线。分析结果表明，注黑液体系后，原油的采收率和含水率立即有所响应，产出液的表面张力、粘度和ｐＨ值有明显的变化，说明黑液体系驱油中存在低界面张力以及与此有关的乳化—携带和乳化—捕集作用。通过增加粘度，从而提高波及系数也可提高原油采收率。此外，从产出液分析曲线上还可以看到，黑液体系配制材料、浓度和饱和油性质在一定范围内发生变化，不改变驱油机理。     

Structural diversity and reactivity of d^10 metal- （4-pyridylthio）acetate system

The hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structures of four coordination polymers, namely, 2D [Zn（μ3-ta）（pytaH）]n （1）, 2D [Zn（μ3-pyta）Cl]n （2）, 1D [Cd（μ-pyta）2（H2O）]n （3）, and 3D [Cd（μ3-pyta）（μ-Cl）]n （4） （pyta = （4-pyridylthio）acetate, ta = thioglycolate）, are reported. They are based on （4-pyridylthio）acetate and its derived ligand. The ta^2- ligand present in 1 was generated from an in situ C（sp^2）-S bond cleavage of the pyta ligand. In these compounds, versatile intermolecular interactions, such as close S…S interactions and strong （O-H…O/N/S） or weak （C-H…O/S, C-H…Cl） hydrogen bonding interactions, play an important role in the formation of three-dimensional supramolecular networks in the solid state.     

快速测定水和废水中悬浮物

本提出一种用于测定水和废水悬浮物及活性污泥浓度的新方法。通过测定化工废水，生物处理装置出水极曝气池中混合注悬浮固体浓度，并与标准测定方法的测定结果进行了比较。采用本新方法可大大缩短测定时间，占用空间小，所用仪器简单，其精密度和准确度均能达到要求。     

污泥浓度对膜生物反应器处理焦化废水的影响

为提高膜生物反应器对焦化废水的处理效果,在不同污泥质量浓度条件下进行膜生物反应器处理焦化废水实验,分析污泥质量浓度对污染物去除效果及膜污染的影响。结果表明：污泥质量浓度为4 000 mg/L左右时处理效果最佳,出水酚类质量浓度为5.88 mg/L,去除率达98.39%;NH3-N的质量浓度维持在15 mg/L,去除率为87%;COD的出水质量浓度为31 mg/L,去除率达到98.4%。污泥质量浓度在3 000～5 000 mg/L时,膜通量变化幅度较小,6 000 mg/L时膜通量急剧下降。     

Chemiluminescence determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline in pharmaceutical preparations using Ru (bipy)3 2+-cerium (IV) system

A new chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline is developed, based on the CL reaction of tetracycline and oxytetracycline with Ru (bipy)₃ ²⁺ and Ce (IV). In sulfuric acid medium, the CL emission is generated upon continuous oxidtion of Ru(bipy)₃ ²⁺ by cerium (IV). The emission intensity is greatly enhanced when tetracycline and oxytetracycline are introduced into the reaction system after acid degradation. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves are linear over the range of 8.0×10⁻⁸∼4.0×10⁻⁶ mol/L for tetracycline and of 2.0×10⁻⁷∼4.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L for oxytetracycline, with the detection limits are 4.2×10⁻⁸ mol/L for tetracycline and 1.5×10⁻⁷ mol/L for oxytetracycline, respectively. The proposed method was used for the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline in pharmaceutical formulations with good results. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province. Biography: HAH He-you (1962), male, Associate profeddor, Ph.D graduate candidate. Present address, Department of Chemistry, Huainan Teacher's College, Huainan.     

Performance of Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

IntroductionAlong with the progress of membranemanufacturing technology,the application ofmembrane filtration,especially in conjunction withbiological systems has been widely investigated inwastewater treatment and reuse[1,2 ] . In thecombined process,the membrane is used as analternative to the sedimentation tank. The efficientseparation capability of a membrane enables highlyconcentrated biosolids to be retained within thebioreactor,so thatthe system can be operated withhigh organic loading …