六年中裸鼠繁殖群动物自发性肿瘤发病情况研究

对饲养于SPF条件下的466只Nc系自育选留的繁殖群小鼠自发性肿瘤发病情况进行了6年观察研究,其中包括纯合子雄鼠(nu/nu)164只,杂合子雌鼠(nu/+)302只。每只动物的平均观察时间均达7个月以上,淘汰时均详细解剖学检查,检出病变者进行病理组织学及透射电镜观察确诊。多数肿瘤病例结合裸鼠间可移植性鉴定。共检出自发性肿瘤7例,发生于纯合子裸鼠(♂,nu/nu)5例,杂合子裸鼠(♀,nu/+)2例。本结果表明,在相同饲养环境条件下,裸鼠(♂,nu/nu)的自发性肿瘤发病率(3.04％)比其同系的有胸腺杂台裸鼠(♀,nu/+)(0.66％)明显增高,两者发病比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),且前者的平均发瘤鼠龄比后者为短。结果支持了免疫功能缺陷的裸鼠比其同系免疫功能正常鼠有更高的自发性肿瘤发生的观点。且表明了Nc系裸鼠的自发性肿瘤以恶性上皮性肿瘤为主。此外作者针对前人的观察结果,提出了对一裸鼠群体的自发性肿瘤发病率的正确评价,必须是在相同的生存环境条件下,相同的观察时间内与其相同品系或相同基因背景的有胸腺小鼠进行比较,并经详细的病理学检查,才能得出较客观可靠的结论这一见解。     

ICR／RMU—nu无胸腺裸鼠的培育

作者从一窝白色ＩＣＲ远交系小鼠群中发现突变裸鼠，采用回交一互交号法“ｎｕ”基因保留下来，随后用隔离器养的ＩＣＲ小鼠为代乳鼠，通过剖腹取胎净化该种群，微生物学检查其主要项目达到ＳＰＦ级标准，术后动物饲养于洁净层流架中，＾６０Ｃｏ灭菌饲料，酸化水、鼠盒、垫料均高压灭菌，以纯合雄鼠与杂合雌鼠１：１非近亲繁殖，扩大了种群，定名ＩＣＲ／ＰＭＵ－ｎｕ裸鼠。与此同时，对突变裸鼠进行了免疫生物学检查，剖检１０余只     

补体C3基因敲除小鼠的繁育及子代基因型鉴定

目的 探讨繁殖和鉴定补体c3基因敲除小鼠的实验方法。方法将所引进的补体c3基因敲除杂合子小鼠（c3＋／-）进行饲养并繁殖,其子代出现三种基因型的小鼠,即纯合子c3-／-、杂合子c3＋／-、野生型c3＋／＋,采用ELISA与PCR相结合对子代小鼠基因型进行鉴定。结果繁育出135只子代小鼠,经鉴定,（=3＋／＋、c3＋／-、C3-／-各为38只、68只、29只,经爿。检验,子代小鼠分离比例符合孟德尔遗传规律。结论正确的饲养繁殖以及子代鉴定是从杂合子小鼠中获得补体c3基因敲除小鼠的有效途径。     

BALB/c裸鼠自发性淋巴瘤二例

对饲养在SPF环境中,鼠龄6个月的47只T细胞缺乏的BALB/c(nu/nu)裸鼠及26只T细胞正常的BALB/c(+/nu)杂合子小鼠进行病理观察,发现两只BALB/c(nu/nu)裸鼠生长自发性肿瘤。病理诊断分别为浆细胞样淋巴细胞型淋巴瘤和B免疫母细胞型淋巴瘤。肿瘤发生率为4.26％。而BALB/c(+/nu)杂合子小鼠未见肿瘤生长。     

一个新的同系线性因子

本文提出了一个新的同系线性因子，其表达式为：ｆ（ｎ，ｋ）＝（ｋ＋１）（ｎ＋１）／（２Ｎ＋３）．用有机化合物共轭体系和非共轭体系的光电子能谱数据对该同系线性因子进行了检验．     

人胃癌裸小鼠体内原位移植浸润转移特征的研究

观察人胃癌原位移植至裸小鼠体内后的浸润转移特征,并探讨其发生机制,ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ－ｎｕ／ｎｕ裸小鼠１２只,以ＳＧＣ－７９０１人胃癌细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤为材料,通过手术将瘤组织块移植到裸小鼠胃壁,待动物濒临死亡时进行系统解剖,观察其浸润转移的部位及特征,原位移植瘤全部成功,且所有动物均出现局部浸润及淋巴结转移,肝脏转移率为６６．７％,癌性腹水的发生率为５０％,移植肿瘤晚期还可向脾脏,胰腺及肾脏等处浸润     

近交系NJS小鼠的生物学特性研究Ⅰ．繁殖性能与生长发育的观察

对作者培育的近交系ＮＪＳ小鼠的繁殖性能与生长发育进行观察，结果表明：ＮＪＳ小鼠的基代虽来源于ＫＭ远交群，但由于高度近交和定向选择，其产仔、泌乳等繁殖性能已大大下降。有关繁殖性能指标为：配产间隔２５．９±４．５／ｄ、胎间隔４７．１±１１．４／ｄ、窝产仔数７．６±２．６／只、离乳仔数６．２±２．３／只、离乳率８０．５±２５．２／％、初生个体重１．５５±０．１２／ｇ、泌乳力４４．６７±１７．１２／ｇ、离乳个体重１０．３５±０．９５／ｇ。３０、６０、９０日龄雄鼠个体重分别为：１７．０±２．１／ｇ、２７．８±１．７／ｇ、３１．８±２．１／ｇ，雌鼠分别为：１５．８±０．９／ｇ、２３．５±１．４／ｇ、２５．５±１．６／ｇ。与其他近交系相比较，ＮＪＳ小鼠的繁殖性能与Ｃ＿（５７）ＢＬ／６近似，比ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ、ＤＢＡ／２显著高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。离乳前后ＮＪＳ小鼠的生长速度与ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ近似，比Ｃ（５７）ＢＬ／６、ＤＢＡ／２显著快（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

胶原酶注射治疗人增生瘢痕的动物实验性的研究

对皮下移植人增生瘢痕于ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ裸鼠,对６０只裸鼠皮下的瘢痕块注射１．胶原酶２．胰蛋白酶３．透明质酸酶４．生理盐水５．胶原酶＋透明质酸酶６．胰酶＋透明质酸酶７．胶原酶＋胰酶。结果显示１和７组瘢痕块缩小非常显著。（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（Ｐ＜０．１）。其他各组差异不显著。     

徐光宪同系能级公式的重新推导

用差分方程法完整地推导出徐光宪等人提出的同系能级公式：Ｅ（ｎ,ｋ）＝ａ＋ｂ２ｋ－１ｋｓｉｎｋπ２Ｎ＋１,其中ｋ为能级序数,ｋ＝１,２,…,ｎ,Ｎ＝ｎ＋ｔ,ｎ为同系序数,ｔ为端基指数,Ｎ为有效同系序数．该法比以往用分子轨道图形理论进行推导的过程更为简单直观．     

荷瘤裸鼠模型的T细胞功能重建与肿瘤凋亡

给人大肠癌Ｈ９０１和ＳＷ１１１６ＮＣ裸小鼠模型接种同系半裸鼠的胸腺，经２－３周免疫效应潜伏期后，直径约１ｃｍ的瘤块逐渐缩小，在９周内完全消失。光镜检查发现，肿瘤细胞在瘤块内逐渐缩小，被浸润的淋巴细胞和间质分割成孤岛状，在５周未肿瘤细胞基本消失，继而是一个肿瘤残存结构被逐步完全吸收的过程。透射电镜检查发现肿瘤细胞的死亡与细胞凋亡现象有关，即肿瘤细胞的核染色质浓聚，沿核膜分布。在先天性Ｔ细胞免疫缺陷的ＮＣ裸小鼠中经胸腺移植后部分重建裸鼠Ｔ细胞功能杀灭实体肿瘤的模型对进一步研究免疫系统抗肿瘤作用的机理有一定的意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.