大连地区蒲公英不同部位微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对大连地区蒲公英根、茎、叶、花、种子不同部位的8种微量元素含量进行了测定分析。分析比较了HNO3+HCl、HNO3+H2SO4、HNO3+HClO4这3种不同混酸的消化程度,确定了HNO3+HClO4混酸体系为最佳消化液,最佳混合体积比为4∶1,最佳消化时间为5 min。各元素在实验范围内,加标回收率和精密度较好,加标回收率为92.5%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。分析结果表明,蒲公英中K、Ca、Mg、Na和Fe等人体所需的微量元素含量丰富,表现为:在叶中,Ca>K>Mg>Mn>Cu>Fe>Na>Zn;在花中,K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Na>Cu>Mn>Zn;在根中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn;在种子中,K>Ca>Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe>Na>Zn;在茎中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn。本研究为大连蒲公英的合理利用及开发提供了依据。     

金华市郊土壤和杂草元素含量特征及数量分析

测定浙江金华郊区 33个样点的土壤和 38种杂草的 5 1份植物材料中 K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd元素含量 ,结果表明 ,9种元素在土壤中的含量 K >Mg>Ca>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd,在植物体内 K>Ca>Mg>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。9种元素在土壤中的含量变异为 Mn>Cd>Ca>Zn>Cr>Cu>Mg>Pb>K;在杂草中 ,除 Zn、Mn外 ,其余 7种元素均以根部元素含量在种间的变异最大 ,地上部分的变异幅度比较接近。杂草对元素的富集作用为 Ca>K>Mg=Cd>Pb>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr。Ca、K、Mg元素在植物的地上部分的含量高于地下部分 ,6种重金属元素中 ,仅 Mn在叶中的含量高于根部 ,其余均是根 >叶 >茎 >花果 (除 Cu外 )。生长于重金属污染环境下的空心莲子草 (Alternanthera philoxeroides)、卷耳 (Cerastium viscosum )、臭荠 (Coronopusdidymus)、钻形紫菀 (Aster sublatus)、光风轮 (Clinopodium conf ines)、水蓼 (Polygonum hydropiper)、水苦荬(Veronica undulata )、三白草 (Saururuschinensis)、鹅观草 (Roegneria kamoji )、波斯婆婆纳 (Veronica persica )、石龙芮 (Ranunculus sceleratus)、水芹 (Onanthe javanica )、龙葵 (Solanum nigrum )、一年蓬 (Conyza annunus)、北美车前 (Plantago virginica )、直立婆婆纳 (Veronica arvensis     

毛樱桃叶片中矿质营养元素含量的周年动态变化

研究了野生毛樱桃叶片中7种矿质营养元素(Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg,K)9个生长时期的周年动态变化及其相关性。结果表明,Zn,Fe,Cu元素周年动态变化各异;Ca与Mg,Mn与K之间变化趋势大体一致;Zn,Fe二元素分别与Ca,Mg之间达显著或极显著负相关;Ca与Mg之间、Mn与K之间均达到极显著正相关。野生毛樱桃叶片中7种矿质营养元素按含量高低排序为:Ca>K>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu,用于叶分析营养诊断标准的适宜时期为5月16～5月23日。     

芦柑果皮和果肉中微量元素比较

南方富产大量的芦柑,实验结果表明:芦柑果肉和果皮中富含对人体有益的微量元素Cu、Fe、Mn、Se、Zn、K、Ca和Mg.其中Cu、Fe、Mn、Se和Zn等的元素含量范围在3.62～30.74μg.g-1,Mg、Ca和K三元素的含量范围在9.46～34.40mg·g-1.微量元素含量大小顺序为:K>Ca>Mg>Se>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu.比较果皮和果肉中元素含量,Cu、Fe和Mn的含量果皮低于果肉,Se、Zn、K、Ca和Mg等元素的含量超过果肉.Se、Zn和Mg的含量果皮是果肉的1.12～1.17倍,K和Ca的含量果皮尤其高,分别是果肉的2.81和5.55倍.通过水泡制芦柑皮,得出元素浸提最佳温度为80℃,时间30min.元素浸提率为5.01%～97.70%.K、Ca和Zn浸提率为5%～7%,Se、Mn和Mg浸提率为20%～30%,Cu和Fe浸提率尤其高,分别为95.02%和97.70%.日常饮用水泡制芦柑皮是补充人体所需微量元素的好方法.研究为芦柑皮应用开发提供了科学依据.     

青冈无性系基株营养元素的空间格局研究

本研究以C、N、P、K、Ca、Hg、Hn、Cu等营养元素为对象,研究了其在青冈无性系基株各构件中的分配格局。研究结果表明:青冈无性系基株中各构件中营养元素的分配含量符合C>Ca>N>K>Mn>Mg>P>Zn>Cu的规律,多数元素在不同构件中的含量基本符合叶>枝>根>干的分配规律。各构件中多数元素的贮量基本符合干>枝>根>叶的规律,以干中贮量最大。     

金属与四氯化钛的反应

用热力学方法讨论了金属与四氯化钛发生氧化还原反应的情况,同时对金属与四氯化钛反应的可能性和趋势做了分析.通过金属与四氯化钛反应的自由能变＿温度关系图,不仅可对金属与四氯化钛能否发生反应做出判断,而且可对各个反应趋势的大小顺序做出估计.这个趋势为:K>Ba>Li>Na>Ca>Mg>Mn>Al>Zn>Pb>Ag>Cu,与通常的金属活泼性顺序是不一致的.     

江西成林油茶叶片春梢末期营养诊断

【目的】对江西山区油茶成林在春梢生长末期大、中、微量营养元素进行诊断,总结各元素在此时期的施肥范围,指导油茶林地在春季的科学施肥。【方法】以江西省20个县的油茶成林叶片为对象,运用DRIS指数法,对春季叶片的9 种养分(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn)进行营养诊断。【结果】 春季江西油茶林N、P、Mg、Fe 相对缺乏,K、Ca、Cu、Zn、Mn 相对充足; 春季油茶树体需肥顺序为 Fe>P>N>Mg>Mn>Ca>Zn>K>Cu。利用高产组叶片养分浓度制定了相应的养分诊断标准,即各养分的适宜含量范围为:N,12.728～17.793 g/kg; P,0.715～1.045 g/kg; K,6.950～9.728 g/kg; Ca,4.876～8.909 g/kg; Mg,1.270～2.414 g/kg; Cu,1.219～3.918 mg/kg; Zn,11.485～16.393 mg/kg; Fe,0.096～0.221 g/kg; Mn,0.707～2.840 g/kg。【结论】江西油茶成林叶片中如果某一元素含量不在相应适宜范围,说明这种元素在油茶体内过量或缺乏。在春季为油茶林施加氮肥和磷肥的同时,应该注意补充铁肥。     

贵州钩藤不同产地钧、茎微量元素比较分析

为了解贵州不同产地钩藤不同部位主要微量元素的含量,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),对采自贵州剑河、都匀钩藤样品进行钩、茎微量元素(Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Co、Zn、Cu、Mo)含量测定分析。结果表明:剑河钩藤钩、茎中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo含量均高于都匀钩藤钩、茎中含量。Zn/Cu比大小顺序均为茎钩和茎钩,都匀钩藤钩、茎、钩和茎中Zn/Cu比均高于剑河钩藤对应部位的Zn/Cu比。不同产区钩藤间Mn和Mg,Mn和Ca、Fe和K、Zn和Mg、Zn和Ca、Cu和Na、Cu和Na、Mo和Fe(p0.05)显著正相关,K和Na、Ca和Mg、Cu和K、Cu和Fe(p0.01)极显著正相关。     

桂西南不同地层土壤的元素地球化学特征

以隆安县为桂西南代表 ,根据地层、地形、土类等确定调查路线和采样点 ,挖掘土壤剖面 ,采集 B层土壤 ,同一地层采集多个样品充分混合 ,以风干土混合样进行分析。测定 2 1个地层土壤的 Fe、 Al、 Si、 N、 P、 K、Na、 Ca、 Mg、 Mn、 Zn、 Cu、 S、 B、 Mo、 Co、 Ni、 Cr、 Sr、 Ba、 V、 As、 Ge、 Ga、 Se、 Cl、 I、 W、 F、 Br、 Sn元素含量。其中 Fe、 Al、 Zn、 Ni、 V、As、Se含量和 Si、P、 K、Na、Ca、 Mg、 S、Ga含量分别高于和低于世界土壤元素背景值 ,Mn、Cu、B、Mo、Co、Cr含量处于背景值范围。As的含量高于我国土壤临界含量。Ca、Mn、S的变异系数 >10 0 % ,N、 P、K、 Na、Mg、Zn、Mo、 Ni、Cr、Sr、 Ba、As、Ge、 Se、 Cl、I、W元素的变异系数为 5 0 %～ 10 0 % ,Fe、Al、Si、Cu、B、Co、V元素的变异较小。该区石灰岩、白云岩、硅质岩等基性岩发育的土壤比由粉砂岩、页岩、泥岩和第四纪红土等基岩发育的土壤富铝化程度深 ,Fe、Al富集明显。各地层 Si、Ca、Mg、Na、K的迁移量大 ,以 Si迁移和 Fe富集为主要特征。378对元素组合中 ,10 9对元素组合之间相关关系 P<0 .0 5 ,134对元素组合之间相关关系 P <0 .0 1,且以正相关为主 ;Si与其他元素间的关系多为负相关 ;过渡元素间大多有相关关系     

广西主要贝类养殖区重金属含量分布特征及污染评价

为探究广西主要贝类养殖区重金属含量的分布状况及污染水平,依据2016-2018年广西主要贝类养殖区的海水、表层沉积物及生物体中重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As)的调查分析数据,分别采用单因子污染指数(P_i)法、地积累指数(I_geo)法和生物富集系数(Bioconcentration Factors, BCF)对养殖区重金属进行污染评价。结果表明：海水中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,污染程度为Cu>Hg>Zn=Pb>Cd>As;沉积物中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,污染程度为As>Cd>Pb>Hg>Cu=Zn;近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)贝体中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Cd>As>Pb>Hg,污染程度为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Hg>As,生物富集能力为Zn>Cu>Cd&g...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.