新疆金发藓科的新记录属——仙鹤藓属

金发藓科(Polytrichaceae)目前全世界共17属.我国有6属54种,新疆有4属12种.其中仙鹤藓属在全世界有20种,中国有6种,1变种.通过利用扫描电镜法对仙鹤藓属植物的孢子和蒴齿进行微形态观察,利用徒手切片法对其叶片、茎进行切割并在光学显微镜下观察其形态结构并照相,结果发现从新疆天山西部地区特克斯县琼库什台和巩留县塔里木采集的3份标本具有相同的特征,并与文献进行比较后发现其特征与小胞仙鹤藓[Atrichum rhystopphyllum( Müll. Hal.) Par.]一致,确定为小胞仙鹤藓.最主要的特征是叶腹面栉片4～6列,多数高2～5个细胞.仙鹤藓属和小胞仙鹤藓是新疆首次发现的新记录属、新记录种.本文提供了小胞仙鹤藓的详细的形态描述及图版,并提供了新疆金发藓科植物的分属检索表;该种的发现为新疆金发藓科的研究提供了新的资料.     

凤眼草抗肿瘤活性成分的分离与鉴定

对苦木科臭椿属植物臭椿(Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle)的果实即凤眼草的提取物进行抗肿瘤活性研究.经反复纯化制备化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构;采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法对粗提物和单体化合物进行抗肿瘤活性的测试.分离并鉴定出4个化合物,分别为shinjulactone A(1),shinjuglycoside B(2),5-hydroxymethylfural-dehyde(3),protocatechuic acid(4),化合物3,4为从该属植物中首次分离得到.活性筛选结果表明,凤眼草水提取物的大孔树脂60%乙醇洗脱物(Ⅰ)对人神经胶质肿瘤细胞株U87,95%乙醇浸提物的乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ⅱ)对人神经胶质肿瘤细胞株SF188,化合物1和2对以上两种细胞株,均有较好的抑制作用.     

植物药物中抗肿瘤成分研究

植物药物中的化合物由于具有结构多样性、毒性较低、来源广泛等特点,因而在治疗肿瘤方面有着独特的优势和巨大的潜力.目前,从植物药物中发现了多种结构类型的具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物,可在肿瘤治疗的各个阶段发挥作用,如多糖类、生物碱类、香豆素类、黄酮类、木脂素类、醌类、酚酸类、萜类等.综述了近年来源自植物药物中抗肿瘤活性成分的研究进展,通过讨论这些化合物的结构、活性数据及其作用机制,以期为抗肿瘤药物的研发提供新线索.     

灵芝属真菌乙醇提取物抑瘤活性比较和机制探析

以人急性早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60细胞株作为模型,比较了灵芝属(Ganoderma)5 个不同种(赤芝G.lucidum,松山树芝G.tsugae,G.oerstedii,无柄灵芝G.resinaceum,G. aubamboinense)的液体培养茵丝体体外抗肿瘤活性,并初步探讨了抑瘤机制.结果显示:5个灵芝菌种的乙醇提取物对HL-60细胞均有抑制作用,其中以赤芝(G.lucidum)的抑瘤率最高(91.4±0.9%);作用48 h后,均在不同程度上诱导HL-60细胞发生早期凋亡.研究表明灵芝属的真菌除赤芝外,其他种类的发酵茵丝体醇提物也具有抑制HL-60肿瘤细胞生长的作用,抑瘤机制与诱导凋亡有关.     

纤细薯蓣皂苷衍生物及其抗肿瘤活性研究

基于纤细薯蓣皂苷母体结构,通过水解和酯化反应制备了11个纤细薯蓣皂苷衍生物,通过波谱学方法(NMR、MS)确证了其化学结构,其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ均为新化合物.采用改良MTT法对衍生物进行了体外抗肿瘤活性试验,结果显示,纤细薯蓣皂苷衍生物对人慢性骨髓性白血病细胞K562、人肝癌细胞HepG-2均表现出一定的抗肿瘤活性,一些化合物表现出优于纤细薯蓣皂苷元的抗肿瘤活性,其中的化合物Ⅸ、Ⅺ表现出明显的抗肿瘤活性趋势,尤其化合物Ⅸ,对2种肿瘤细胞的IC50值分别为3.66 μg/mL和21.47 μg/mL;而且发现糖基部分糖的数量影响化合物抑制肿瘤细胞的活性.     

草玉梅抗肿瘤活性成分的分离与鉴定

对毛茛科银莲花属植物草玉梅(Anemone rivularis)根茎的乙醇[(乙醇)=95%]提取物采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色(MTT)法进行抗肿瘤活性测试.活性筛选结果表明:草玉梅乙醇[(乙醇)=95%]提取物的石油醚萃取物(Ⅰ)、乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ⅱ)和正丁醇萃取物(Ⅲ)对人肝癌细胞株(QGY-7703)、人结肠癌细胞(COLO-205)和人肺癌细胞(A549)具有不同的抑制作用.经反复纯化制备化合物,从乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离出4个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较以及与文献报道对比,鉴定出化合物的化学结构分别为4-羟基苯甲酸(1)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(2)、香豆酸(3)和咖啡酸(4).化合物1─4为从该属植物中首次分离得到.     

数值分类在藓类植物中的应用

根据数值分类学的基本原理,设计了一个实现藓类植物数值分类的算法,通过该算法对33种藓类植物孢子和孢蒴的主要性状进行了计算机数量化分析,根据距离系数验证了它们之间的相似性和区别,并与形态和细胞分类作了比较,从数值分类角度可以说明大帽藓属（Encalypta）、真藓属（Bryum）和金发藓属（Polytrichum）是属级的自然分类群,小金发藓属（Pogonatum）与金发藓属（Polytrichum）是科一级的自然分类群,有2个物种与所在属的其它物种距离系数相差相关稍大,原因有待进一步探讨。     

红树林内生真菌的抗肿瘤活性

从红树植物秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤树皮样品中分离出125株内生真菌。采用MTT法对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行检测,发现11株红树植物内生真菌对KB(人口腔上皮癌)或HL-60(人白血病)细胞具有显著的抑制活性,占总分离菌株的8.8％。秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤的抗肿瘤活性菌株分别占供测菌株的11.6％、5.7％和4.8％。抗肿瘤活性菌株主要分布在拟青霉属及曲霉属。在所分离的菌株中,归属于拟青霉属的活性菌株占供测菌株的比例最高、活性最强。结果显示红树植物内生真菌是潜在的抗肿瘤药物资源。     

Schiff碱Cd(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

合成了2-吡啶甲醛缩苯二胺双Schiff碱Cd(Ⅱ)配合物,通过元素分析和IR对其结构进行了表征.采用MTT法评价配合物体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,通过光谱法和粘度测定法研究生理pH条件下,配合物与DNA的相互作用.结果表明,配合物对人白血病细胞(K-562)、人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)均有较强的体外抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,配合物以部分插入方式与DNA结合.     

甘肃白龙江流域金发藓科植物

对采自甘肃白龙江流域的120余号金发藓科植物标本进行了分类研究,共鉴定出该科植物6属16种,其中小赤藓属为甘肃省新记录属,芒刺小赤藓为甘肃省新记录种.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.