白洋淀流域府河夏季浮游植物的群落结构及其对水质的指示

为探究白洋淀入淀河流府河的浮游植物群落结构和水质现状,于2020年夏季对府河5个采样断面的浮游植物进行了定量调查,并基于浮游植物的优势种、密度、生物量和群落多样性指数对府河夏季的水质进行了评价.结果显示:府河夏季共鉴定出浮游植物7门111种属,群落组成以绿藻门、硅藻门为主,其次是蓝藻门,优势种包括微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)、冠盘藻(Stephanodiscus sp.)和集星藻(Actinastrum hantzschii).各采样断面浮游植物密度和生物量的均值分别为13.51×10⁶ ind/L、5 748.8×10^-3 mg/L,各采样断面浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)的均值分别为2.36、3.25和0.59,显示夏季府河浮游植物的多样性较高.根据浮游植物的优势种、密度和生物量,夏季府河整体水质状况为中-富营养;根据H、D值,夏季府河整体水质状况为β-中污染;根据J值,夏季府河整体水质状况为轻度污染,综合评价结果显示夏季府河水质状况为轻-中度污染水平.     

白洋淀浮游植物调查及水质评价

于2009年6月对白洋淀9个点位的浮游植物群落结构及其多样性进行了调查,通过模糊隶属函数对各指数进行标准化处理,对白洋淀水体污染状态进行了评价.调查共监测到浮游植物8门148种,生物量变化范围为23.97×104-1416.5×104个·L-1,平均值为249.49×104个·L-1.优势藻类为衣藻(Chlamydomonas)、狭形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus angustus)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis,incerta).多样性指数综合评价结果显示,白洋淀水体已经属于中度污染,其中泥李庄、王家寨、烧车淀和鲥鯸淀为β-中污型,而其余的各采样点枣林庄、何庄子、采蒲台、圈头和端村为α-中污型.     

白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价

于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.     

宁夏腾格里湖水质及富营养化现状分析与评价

为探明宁夏腾格里湖水质及富营养化状况,于2015～2017年冬(1月)、春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)采集水样,分析了透明度、叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、浮游植物等水质指标。采用灰关联法对腾格里湖水质进行评价。采用综合营养状态指数(TLI)法和浮游植多样性指数法对其富营养化现状进行分析和评价。结果表明,腾格里湖水体达到了一定程度的污染,春、冬季为Ⅲ类水,夏、秋季为Ⅳ类水,且季节变化明显:营养状态指数(TLI)夏、秋季最高,夏、秋季为中度富营养化;其次是春季,春季均为轻度富营养; Shannon-Wiener指数(H')和Margalef指数(D)评价表明水体均受到不同程度的污染,夏季污染程度最高。腾格里湖水体已达到富营养化状态,需引起关注并采取相关治理措施。     

北京大学未名湖水质与底泥菌群结构的时空变化

通过测定不同季节北京大学未名湖不同区域的水质指标,发现在无显著人为外源影响的条件下,水体氮相关指标较好,四季全部采样点的氨氮都优于Ⅱ类水指标,总氮都优于Ⅳ类水指标,但COD,TP和DO等指标在有的采样点仅达到、甚至劣于Ⅴ类。未名湖的平均综合营养状态指数(TLI)为56.1,属于轻度富营养化。利用PCR-DGGE分析未名湖的底泥微生物群落,结果表明其多样性随季节变化较明显,春、秋季多样性指数都较高,夏、秋季多样性指数与地理位置及水体营养盐含量呈显著正相关关系。线性回归结果提示未名湖底泥微生物群落可能受藻类固氮作用的影响。     

应用多元分析方法评价白洋淀水质现状

应用国家标准《水质-微型生物群落监测-PFU法》获得原生动物群落的特征参数,结合化学监测得到的数据,于2004年4月对枯水期白洋淀水质进行了综合评价.监测结果表明,枯水期白洋淀的主要超标因子是N—NH3,COD,BOD5等,其中N—NH3严重超标.将生物监测和化学监测的结果进行主成分聚类分析发现,府河入淀口南刘庄与圈头2个采样点污染最重,表明府河污水仍是白洋淀的重要污染源,同时淀内村庄产生的内源性污染也已产生重要影响.     

山口岩水库(萍乡)浮游植物群落组成及成因分析

为了解山区河道型水库山口岩水库浮游植物种类、优势种、群落多样性和丰度时空变化,于2016年10月中旬(秋季)、2017年7月中旬(夏季)对山口岩水库开展了2次野外调查,采用相关性分析山口岩水库浮游植物群落结构与理化因子的关系。结果表明:山口岩水库共鉴定出浮游植物6门14目22科38种,其中,主要由绿藻门、蓝藻门、硅藻门组成;2016年10月中旬共鉴定出浮游植物6门16科27种,2017年7月中旬共鉴定出6门17科24种。夏季浮游植物丰度显著高于秋季,夏季优势藻类为微囊藻、鱼腥藻、美丽隐球藻,秋季优势藻为微囊藻、美丽隐球藻、华美色金藻、点平列藻、长肋根管藻,优势藻类季节性变化主要受温度的影响;夏季浮游植物丰度水库中游下游上游,夏季优势藻类和理化因子的pearson相关性分析表明可能受总氮总磷的影响。山口岩水库浮游植物秋季群落Shannon指数(H)、均匀度(J)、丰富度指数(M)均高于夏季,采用多样性指数法、丰富度指数法和优势种指示法评价水质,评价结果基本一致,山口岩水库整体水质2016年秋季为α-中污染,2017年夏季为重污染。     

东湖围隔与主体湖区浮游植物群落结构的比较研究

为研究东湖围隔和主体湖区浮游植物群落结构和理化因子的变化,并评价围隔对水质的改善作用,于2012年3月~2013年2月对湖区各样点进行了浮游植物的采集及理化因子的测定.结果表明:以浮游植物密度和叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量为参数评价,围隔水质明显优于主体湖区,围隔藻类种数总和及物种多样性指数均高于主体湖区;围隔绝大部分水体营养因子数值均明显低于主体湖区(除DO,pH).浮游植物群落结构特征季节变化明显,表现在夏季浮游植物密度和Chl-a含量均最高,冬季最低;多样性指数依秋、夏、春、冬递减.     

重庆江津复兴河流域浮游生物群落结构、水质及鱼类资源现状

[目的]考察重庆江津复兴河流域浮游生物群落结构、水质及鱼类资源现状.[方法]采集复兴河流域7个采样点的浮游生物、水质理化参数和鱼类资源数据,通过计算生物多样性指数、水质标识指数等,研究分析该流域浮游生物群落结构、水质以及鱼类资源的现状.[结果]复兴河流域浮游植物共5门44属78种,平均密度为387.1个·L-1,平均生物量为0.5020 mg· L-1,Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)的平均值为1.9618、0.7549和2.0174;浮游动物共3门6属11种,平均密度为18.7个·L-1,平均生物量为0.3316 mg·L-1,H',J和D的平均值分别为1.7653,0.7453和2.9812.7个采样点的综合水质标识指数分别为3.102,2.502,3.502,3.202,2.502,3.202和3.002.流域内鱼类共2目5科13种,其中鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类9种,占鱼类总数的70％.[结论]复兴河流域水质总体上为Ⅲ类水,水体有机物含量过高;流域各段水体营养水平为贫或中营养型,水体污染类型为寡污型至β中污型;复兴河鱼类资源较以往有所减少,且主要集中在下游.     

河北三大洼淀表层沉积硅藻与水质的关系

选取了河北省三大主要洼淀为研究对象,分季节采集水样和表层底泥,做水质和硅藻分析.运用综合营养指数法(TLI)定量评价(白洋淀、衡水湖、永年洼)富营养状况,定性分析了其富营养及沉积硅藻组合对水质的响应.研究结果表明:河北三大洼淀水质均呈现富营养状态,硅藻组合对其具有较好的响应.沉积硅藻的持续研究,将为湖泊的富营养治理提供科学依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.