苏通大桥300米高塔的设计与施工

苏通长江公路大桥索塔为世界上建成的最高桥塔。索塔锚固区采用钢混组合结构,其构造及受力机理复杂,结构耐久性问题需高度关注;300 m塔高使得结构对风和环境因素相当敏感;高塔施工的抗风安全尤为重要。从索塔锚固区设计、索塔形态控制、抗风安全3个方面介绍苏通大桥索塔工程设计与施工的关键技术。     

超高空间异形曲面索塔线形控制技术研究

针对超高空间异形曲面索塔形状复杂、曲率及尺寸变化大、整体施工及控制过程难度大且智能化控制技术研究较少的问题,以重庆白居寺长江大桥超高空间水滴形索塔为研究背景,对该结构类型索塔精细化及智能化施工控制技术开展研究。首先对索塔施工全过程进行了有限元分析,并且采用三维BIM技术对异形曲面模板设计及制造进行了优化,同时对上塔柱临时横撑的顶推力及拆除顺序进行了分析,并对桥塔应力、线形进行监测,最后提出索塔变形自动化监测方法及塔肢线形和临时横撑轴力智能化控制技术。研究结果表明：索塔施工全过程,混凝土拉、压应力均未超出规范限值;采用三维BIM技术,优化了异形曲面模板设计及制作工艺,节约了10%~20%的模板制作成本;所提出的倾角仪+GNSS-RTK融合测量方法与全站仪测量结果最大绝对误差仅1.6mm,最大相对误差仅5.41%,具有较高的精度;采用塔肢线形和临时横撑轴力智能化控制技术使临时横撑的轴力误差始终控制在10%以内,塔肢的位移误差也控制在5mm以内,索塔线形控制效果显著,同时当第n层横撑施工后,可通过控制第n-i（i=1,2,...m）层横撑内力相对恒定来控制塔肢的变形相对稳定;临时横撑最佳拆除顺序应遵循由中间往两端拆除的原则。     

苏通大桥基础工程的挑战与创新

介绍了苏通大桥超大深水群桩基础利用工程钢护筒搭设施工平台、５０００t承台钢吊箱整体同步沉放 及其与防船撞结构相结合构成永久防船撞设施、永久冲刷防护等三项技术创新;提出了特大型桥梁基础工程经 济合理的设计方案和安全可靠的施工法;阐明了理念创新和技术集成对大型复杂工程建设的重要性。     

苏通大桥——主跨1 088米的斜拉桥

介绍了苏通大桥设计和施工的工程构思，着重对群桩基础承载性能、河床冲刷防护及监测、上部结构施工抗风研究、中跨合龙方案及长悬臂结构施工控制方法等的关键技术和创新成果进行了总结和系统阐述。     

钢板桩围堰在桥梁桩基加固中的应用

对于桥梁水中桩基的病害处理方法主要有筑岛明挖、水中平台、钢套箱、沉桩法、钢板桩围堰等。某项目大桥因河床冲刷导致桩基外露,影响到了桥梁桩基的稳定性,本文提出采用钢板桩围堰施工技术对其进行加固,收到了良好的效果。     

苏通大桥索塔栓钉剪力连接件的力学性能试验

利用剪力钉将钢锚箱和混凝土塔壁结合形成的一种新型锚固形式开始用于大跨度斜拉桥中.结合苏通大桥工程,进行了4组12个试件不同水平压力下的剪力钉性能试验,试验结果表明,随着压力的增大,剪力钉的极限承载力增加,苏通大桥索塔中,预压力对剪力钉极限承载力影响最大为9.3%.利用3个试件进行了剪力钉基本力学性能的标准推出试验,得到苏通大桥索塔剪力钉的极限抗剪强度、屈服抗剪强度、容许抗剪强度、抗剪刚度等基本力学指标,并将其与国内外其他计算方法进行了比较.     

苏通大桥超高混凝土索塔温度梯度效应研究

针对超高索塔施工控制中结构设计参数的变化能导致结构内力的变化和形状的改变,以及与时间有关的温度参数不易确定的问题,在分析了产生温度变形原因的基础上,结合苏通大桥的现场实际情况,介绍了如何在超高索塔的施工过程中消除温度效应影响的方法.     

舟山某大桥索塔施工

海上大桥施工条件差,施工难度大.文章以舟山某跨海大桥的施工为例,详细介绍了索塔施工工艺,并提出采用索塔倾斜段劲性骨架设置预偏量、塔肢处设置临时拉杆以及国内首次采用组合体锚固拉索的施工设计,对类似工程施工具有一定的参考意义.     

机器人与卫星联手——为大跨度桥梁施工监测尽职守

我国自主研发的基于全球卫星定位系统和测量机器人的远程实时动态几何监测系统，在世界最大跨径的斜拉桥苏通大桥上成功应用．具有高精度、连续性、全天候等优势。填补了我国工程监测的一项空白，创造了大跨径、超规模群桩基础、高索塔和斜拉索长等多项世界之最。该项研究成果刊登于《测绘学报》2009年第1期，题为“苏通大桥施工期几何监测系统的建立与应用研究”，     

苏通大桥钢箱梁吊装专用设备研究与应用

苏通大桥为主跨1 088 m的钢箱梁斜拉桥,钢箱梁分为5部分：辅助跨、边跨及索塔区大块梁段,悬拼标准梁段,边、中跨合龙梁段。大块梁段在工厂组拼,用大型浮吊安装。由于通航净空高,传统桁架结构吊具难以满足国内现有浮吊吊高与吊重要求,所以提出苏通大桥超大、超重钢箱梁节段轻型吊索具结构,并介绍了吊索具设计与使用要点。标准梁段采用桥面吊机悬臂安装。由于主梁节段宽且重,加上桥区恶劣的气象和水文条件,以及斜拉索长索梁端牵引需要,对桥面吊机结构和性能提出了较高要求。介绍了苏通大桥集梁段吊装和拉索安装功能为一体的桥面吊机设     

Key technology and innovation of Sutong Bridge

Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge across Yangtze River with the main span of 1088m. This article outlines technical challenges, key technology and innovation in the design and construction such as scour protection, lowering steel cofferdam, construction platform establishment, construction and control of pylons, fabrication and damping of long cables, erection and control of steel box girders.     

Technology for long cable erection of a thousand meter scale cable stayed bridge

In the background of the construction of Sutong Yangtze River Bridge （ short as Sutong Bridge ）, the cable construction method and techniques of a thousand-meter scale cable-stayed bridge are introduced. Some key construction techniques, such as outspreading cable on deck, installing cable at pylon, pulling and fixing cable at the attachment with decks and cable PE sheath protection are discussed.     

Key technology for construction of connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is a suspension bridge with three pylons and two 1080m main spans. The middle pylon is a steel frame with longitudinal herringbone shape and lateral gate shape. The connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap is a key part to transfer the huge inner force from the pylon to the foundation. Its construction quality is a critical factor to the overall structural loading of the whole bridge, therefore the contact ratio between the bearing steel plate of pylon and concrete pile cap is required to be over 75%. The inclined joint surface in two directions, longitudinally at 39/1920 and laterally at 1/4, posted a challenge to the construction works. Technological tests were carried out to find an optimal construction method by comparison, and finally the Post-Injection method was selected as it can meet the requirement of concrete strength and contact ratio at the connection. The successfully application of the Post-Injection method at Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge has provided an example and reference for similar projects in the future.     

Research on the special lifting devices for steel box girders of Sutong Bridge

Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a steel box girder and a main span of 1 088 m. The steel box girder of main span includes five portions ： back span large unit, large block of pylon, standard girder, back span closure girder and middle span closure girder. Each back span large unit is fabricated by welding several deck segments together in factory, and is erected by floating crane. As navigational clearance of the main bridge is high, the traditional truss lifting device can＇ t satisfy the requirement of domestic lifting cranes for this kind of lifting height and weight. Hence, a kind of lighter lifting device for the erection of back span large units was accepted for this bridge. In this paper, the design and use of this lifting device is introduced. The upper structure used lifting gantry to install the standard girder segment by cantilever method. Because the bridge＇ s navigation clearance is high, and the girder segment is wide and heavy, the meteorology and hydrology condition of the bridge district is abominable, and the requirements of long cable girder side pull-in, structure and performance propose high request to the lifting gantry. In this paper, the design and use key point of long cable pull-in angle adjustment device integrate into lifting gantry, is introduced.     

Research on key technologies in design of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

At the middle pylon of a three-pylon two-span suspension bridge, the effect of unbalanced loads on the adjacent spans may result in a series of technical bottlenecks in design, such as stability and anti-slippage between saddles and main cables. This article presents the researches conducted on structure selection and behavior characteristics of middle pylon, interaction mechanism between main cables and saddles and their anti-slippage safety performance, elastic and plastic stability analysis and safety assessment of steel middle pylon, and fatigue design load and method for steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge. According to the research results, a longitudinal inverted Y shape steel middle pylon is used in design, effectively solving many technical difficulties, and this type of pylon has become a suitable middle pylon structural form for many three-pylon two-span suspension bridges.     

Design and construction of Sutong Bridge tower

Sutong Bridge tower which is 300.4 m is the highest one in the world. The tower anchor area uses the steelconcrete composite structure, its structure and the stress mechanism are complex, so it must be paid more attention to the structure durable issue. The 300 m height makes the tower quite sensitive to the environmental factors such as wind and temperature. The wind resistance safety of tower in construction stage is especially important. In this paper, the design of composite structure is introduced. The key technologies of tower geometry control and wind resistance in construction stage are analyzed.     

桥梁深水基础双璧钢围堰的设计方法

桥梁深水基础往往处于水深流急,地质条件极其复杂的环境下。而双壁钢围堰具有结构强度高、防水性能好的特点,因此,在桥梁深水基础中得到广泛应用。基于对实际工程的分析,对双壁钢围堰的构造设计、岩面倾斜情况下围堰刃脚的处理措施、围堰稳定性分析、锚碇系统布置及围堰封底混凝土厚度的确定方法等进行了系统的论述。希冀对我国桥梁深水基础的设计和施工有一定的借鉴作用。     

Introduction to steel pylon hoisting of Taizhou Yangtze Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in the world. The middle pylon adopts deep water caisson foundation. The superstructure of the middle pylon employs herringbone shape along the bridge, and portal shape in the transverse direction for the first time in China. In this paper, the basic construction procedure, equipment, construction steps, the key construction technologies and methods of steel pylon are introduced.     

Numerical verification of geometry control method of the construction for super span cable stayed bridge

Take Sutong Bridge as object investigated, the correctness of the geometry control method is verified by the numerical simulation analysis. Taking the impact of geometric nonlinearity into account, the impacts of structural geometric profile induced by temporary loads and temperature field during the construction procedure are investigated. The simulation results indicate that only the stage state of the structure during construction is affected. Satisfied outcome of construction control can be achieved based on geometry control method.