镓掺杂碳纳米管场发射性能的研究

采用催化热解方法制备出镓掺杂碳纳米管,并利用丝网印刷工艺将其制备成纳米管薄膜.扫描电子显微镜观察表明,纳米管直径在20~50 nm之间.对此薄膜进行低场致电子发射测试表明,其场发射性能优于同样条件下未掺杂时的碳纳米管、碳氮纳米管和硼碳氮纳米管.当外加电场为1.1 V/μm,发射电流密度为50μA/cm2;当外电场增加到2.6 V/μm时,发射电子密度达到5 000μA/cm2.对其场发射机理进行探讨.     

用机械破碎方法提高印刷碳纳米管薄膜的场发射性能

提出了一种可显著改善丝网印刷碳纳米管(CNTs)薄膜场发射特性的后处理方法,用机械压力通过隔离层对附着于CNTs表面的无机物进行原位破碎,并用高速气流清洁薄膜表面.同其他方法相比,机械破碎方法既不会在处理后的阴极表面留下残留物,也不会使薄膜受损.场发射特性测试表明,与未处理薄膜相比,经过处理的CNTs薄膜的开启场强从2.7V/μm降低到1.7V/μm,同样面积的薄膜(印刷面积为40mm×40mm)在4.2V/μm场强下的发射电流由70μA提高到了950μA,说明机械破碎处理对于提高薄膜的场发射特性有明显作用.该方法在碳纳米管场发射显示器的制作中具有很好的实际应用价值.     

等离子体表面氮掺杂对非晶碳膜场发射特性的影响

氢化非晶碳膜作为一种场致阴极电子发射材料已被广泛研究,通过对薄膜进行掺杂以提高其场发射特性已被证明是行之有效的方法之一.利用常规等离子体化学气相淀积技术制备了氢化非晶碳薄膜材料,在原位利用氮等离子体对碳膜表面进行N型掺杂.通过不同手段研究了氮表面掺杂前后非晶碳膜的微结构和化学键的变化,对表面掺杂前后的薄膜的场电子特性的测量表明,在氮表面掺杂后其场电子发射特性有了明显改善,特别是场发射的阈值电场从掺杂前的3.2 V/μm下降到掺杂后的1.0 V/μm.初步实验分析表明:由于氮表面掺杂后,在碳膜表面形成N-H键,从而导致碳膜表面的有效功函数降低使场电子发射特性得以提高.     

不锈钢衬底碳纳米管薄膜的场发射特性

不需要添加任何催化剂,直接在含有少量Ni和Cr成分的不锈钢衬底上,用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法沉积碳纳米管薄膜.在SEM下观察,生成的碳纳米管取向无序,但浓度大、杂质含量少、直径小且分布均匀,其直径在50～60 nm,为多壁碳纳米管.Raman光谱实验证实了此碳纳米管中存在大量缺陷.场发射实验表明,本样品的开启电压低,电子发射均匀,发射电流大.当用ITO玻璃作阳极且场强为11 V/μm时,电流密度可达到31 mA/cm2;当用荧光粉包覆的ITO玻璃作阳极且场强为6 V/μm时,电流密度可达到1.25 mA/cm2,这时的电子可稳定发射,使该样品变成良好的电子发射体.     

硫化铜三维纳米片/带结构的制备及场发射性能

采用阳极氧化法,一步制备出了三维分布的硫化铜纳米片/带结构薄膜.实验发现,通过改变阳极氧化电流,可调控硫化铜纳米片/带结构的形貌演化,使之形成有利于场发射的三维合理分布.这既能生成更多的有效场发射位点,增强局域场,又可适当降低场屏蔽效应,几则协同作用使得硫化铜三维纳米片/带结构薄膜的场发射特性显著增强.开启电场可由8.2V·μm~(-1)降低至1.9V·μm~(-1),阈值场由13.5V·μm~(-1)降低至5.0V·μm~(-1),场增强因子最高可达6958.该硫化铜三维纳米片/带结构薄膜制备方法简便,开启电场低,电流密度较大,热稳定性好,在真空微纳米电子器件领域有潜在的应用前景.     

基底温度对氮化硼薄膜场发射特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法, 真空室中充入高纯N_{2(99.99%)和高纯Ar（99.99%）的混合气体, 在n型（100）Si基底上沉积了六角氮化硼（h-BN）薄膜. 在超高真空（<10^-7 Pa）系统中测量了BN薄膜的场发射特性, 发现 沉积时基底温度对BN薄膜的场发射特性有很大影响. 基底温度为500 ℃时沉积的BN薄膜样品场发射特性要好于其他薄膜, 阈值电场为12 V/μm, 电场升到34 V/μm, 场发射电流为280 μA/cm². 所有样品的Fowler-Nordheim(F-N)曲线均近似为直线, 表明电子是通过 隧道效应穿透BN薄膜发射到真空的.}     

氮化硼薄膜的厚度对场发射特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法, 在n型（100）Si基底上沉积了不同厚度（54~124 nm）的纳米氮化硼（BN）薄膜. 红外光谱分析表明, BN薄膜结构为六角BN（h-BN）相(1 380 cm^-1和780 cm^-1)结构. 在超高真空系统中测量了不 同膜厚的场发射特性, 发现阈值电压随着厚度的增加而增大. 厚度为54 nm的BN薄膜样品阈 值电场为10 V/μm, 当外加电场为23 V/μm时, 最高发射电流为240 μA/cm². BN薄膜场发射F-N曲线表明, 在外加电场作用下, 电子隧穿了BN薄膜表面势垒发射到真空.     

多壁碳纳米管薄膜场发射规律实验研究

研究了CVD法定向生长的多壁碳纳米管薄膜的在高电压条件下场发射特性 .我们发现在固定电压条件下发射电流和时间的关系按指数规律减弱 .另一个值得关注的现象是碳纳米管的发射性能的不可恢复性损坏 .电流电压关系也由幂次关系I =aVb 改变为幂次关系I =a(V -V0 ) b′,其中 ,b和b′的值均为 2～ 3.最后讨论了电流减弱的原因     

基底偏压对氮化硼薄膜场发射特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法, 在n型（100）Si（0.008～0.02 Ω·m）基底上沉积了氮化 硼（BN）薄膜. 红外光谱分析表明, BN薄膜结构均为六角BN（h-BN）相. 在超高真空系统中 测量了BN薄膜的场发射特性, 发现BN薄膜的场发射特性与基底偏压关系很大, 阈值电场随基 底偏压的增加先增加后减小. 基底偏压为-140 V时BN薄膜样品场发射特性要好于其他样品, 阈值电场低于8 V/μm. F~N曲线表明, 在外加电场的作用下, 电子隧穿BN薄膜表面势垒发射 到真空.     

纳米碳管阴极的场致发射显示研究

以热化学气相沉积法制备的多壁纳米碳管为场发射材料 ,采用一种简易的喷涂法将其制备为场发射阴极 .首先 ,将纯化后的纳米碳管与乙醇和丙酮溶液 (体积比为 9∶1 )进行混合 ;然后用喷枪将经过超声处理的悬浊液喷涂在具有ITO薄膜的玻璃基底上 ,制备了 30mm× 2 0mm大小的纳米碳管阴极 ,并进行了场致发射特性实验 ,制作了场发射显示板 .该二极结构的场发射开启场强为 3 2V/ μm ,发射电流密度可达 3A/m2 .此显示板具有稳定的发射电流和很高的亮度 ,可望应用于大屏幕显示     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.