多探针冷冻外科冻结过程分析

用有限元方法对建立在焓法基础上的多探针冷冻条件下组织冻结过程进行理论分析，计算结果与文献中实验测量结果符合较好，证明了方法的可行性．对单探针、双探针和三探针组合的组织冻结过程进一步比较分析表明，在相同的降温条件下，单探针外冰球直径为12mm时，双探针和三探针分别达到20mm和21．5mm．组织内达到的最低温度分别为-12℃(单探针)，-49℃(双探针)，-88℃(三探针)。但在多探针平行放置时，冰球的上下端中心会出现温度较高的等温线凹；y方向温度梯度增大，而探针间x方向的温度分布则更均匀。     

真空冷冻干燥香蕉片的工艺研究

采用电阻法测定香蕉片冻干过程的共晶点和共熔点温度,研究不同物料成熟度、厚度、护色剂、冻结方法、加热板温度、干燥室真空度对香蕉冻干品得率、复水率、维生素C含量、可溶糖含量、酸度等的影响,结果表明:香蕉物料选用成熟度在7～8分熟,切成5～7mm厚度,选用L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)护色,采用速冻方法冻结,干燥室真空度控制于70Pa,加热板温度0-60min～240min～300min～360min走势设定为20℃～60℃～60℃～40℃～40℃,所获香蕉冻干片品质优、产量高.     

冷冻工艺对冻豆腐孔隙率影响的研究

通过研究速冻柜风速、湿度、柜温、豆腐形状大小与豆腐含水量等对冻结速率的影响,分析不同条件下的冻豆腐温度下降曲线,计算并比较其孔隙率和食用口感,最终得出冷冻工艺为风速大、温度低(-23℃)、空气湿度大时的大体积豆腐,孔隙率最大,食用口感最好,以期改进冻豆腐冷冻工艺,满足不同消费者及不同菜品的需要.     

冷冻方式对杨梅贮藏过程中生理变化的影响

以总糖、总酸、腐败率、呼吸强度、维生素C、花色苷、总酚为评定指标,研究在-50℃左右液体浸渍、-50℃左右空气、-18℃左右冰柜直接冻结3种速冻方式下杨梅理化指标及品质变化情况。结果表明,无论在何种冷冻方式下,随着冻藏时间的延长,所测的杨梅理化指标均呈下降趋势。在冻藏期,杨梅的品质在-50℃左右液体浸渍的情况下保持最好,最差的为-18℃左右冰柜直接冻结,此研究为杨梅的冻藏保鲜和加工提供了基础依据。     

冻结富水氢氧化铝污泥的融解工艺研究

基于冻结污泥融解过程的热量衡算,建立一个测定污泥水分冻结率的简便方法,并测得冷冻到-5℃的富水氢氧化铝污泥水分平均冻结率为67.1%.在此基础上,估算出污泥融解的极限条件,并进一步获得由融解水起始温度与用量分别计算融解时间和融解水结束温度等融解工艺条件的两个经验关联式,偏差范围分别为11.8%和11.7%,为冻结富水氢氧化铝污泥融解工艺的工业设计和操作提供了依据.     

淮南矿区典型冻土的力学特性试验研究

对淮南矿区3种典型人工冻结粘土力学特性的研究表明：钙质粘土力学性能最差；冻结粘土的单轴强度、变形模量和蠕变强度均随温度降低而增加，特别是当冻土温度低于-10℃时，冻结粘土强度随温度降低而剧烈增加，但温度的变化对泊松比影响较小，蠕变状态方程可用形如ε=A(T)σ^Bt^C的幂函数表示；在没有补给水源的情况下，其冻胀力可达0．8MPa，冻胀率小于5％，深层粘土的冻胀性小于浅层粘土。     

液氮超低温冻结对梭子蟹品质的影响

用液氮超低温冻结技术,采用2min降温至-90℃、5min降温至-90℃、2min降温至-70℃三种不同降温速率,将三疣梭子蟹分别冻结至中心温度-25,-35,-45,-55℃;后贮藏在-20,-35,-40℃的条件下,以硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、总巯基含量、盐溶性蛋白含量等为指标,比较不同处理对梭子蟹蟹肉的品质影响,为研究液氮超低温冻结技术及梭子蟹最佳品质保持技术提供理论支持。结果表明:随着中心温度的降低和冻结速率的加快,总巯基含量和盐溶性蛋白含量降低趋势均减缓,TBA值和TVB-N值均逐渐降低,中心温度冻结至-25℃的样品的TVB-N值为15.85mg/100g,而冻结至-55℃的样品仅12.99mg/100g;-35℃贮藏条件下样品的TVB-N值和TBA值都比-20℃和-40℃贮藏的样品低。研究可知,2min柜内降温至-90℃,中心温度-55℃,-35℃冷库贮藏,比较有利于梭子蟹液氮冻结贮藏。     

工业铝厂富水氢氧化铝污泥冻结点的测定

依据冻结点测定原理和污泥内水分存在的多种形式 ,测定了工业铝厂富水氢氧化铝污泥冷冻过程中温度和电阻随时间变化的工作曲线 ,得到该污泥冻结点为 - 1.3～ - 3.0℃ ,与冷冻环境温度无关 .     

龙眼果实冷藏和冻藏保鲜研究进展

龙眼果实不易长期贮藏.对龙眼果实低温冷藏和速冻贮藏保鲜方法的特点、应用和研究进展进行了阐述,并提出了今后的研究方向.     

胡萝卜冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确立

对胡萝卜进行了冷冻干燥实验，确定了胡萝卜条冻干工艺条件，计算了冻结终点温度、冻结时间、物料厚度，建立了胡萝卜爷冻干的传热传质模型，由模型计算出理论干燥时间，并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、升华温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对干燥时间的影响．胡萝卜条冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结时间1h，物料厚度15mm，干燥室真空度60Pa，捕水器压强45Pa，温度-50～-40℃，总干燥时间5h．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-