烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

北疆棉花光合,蒸腾作用基本特性与测试技术的探讨

在北疆大田自然条件下，棉叶光合晴天日变化呈双峰和单峰两种形式。光合速率上午大于下午。蒸腾速率呈单峰曲线，最大值出现在温度最高的１５：００－１６：００时，打顶前主茎自上而下第１和第４完全展开叶Ｐｎ最高，打顶后第１展开叶最高；Ｔｒ在打顶前后均是第１完全展开叶为最强。     

糯玉米苏玉(糯)1号叶片生长规律的研究

对 6 0万株 /hm2 和 7.5万株 /hm2 密度下的糯玉米苏玉 (糯 ) 1号叶片和植株生长特点、叶片功能期、叶面积和叶片光合势的动态变化进行了试验研究。结果表明 :两种密度下的出叶速度相近 ,各叶出叶速度大小依次是基部三叶 >顶部 >中上部 >中下部。穗叶组叶片生长速度较快 ,叶面积较大 ,其中第 1 6叶 (非穗位叶 )生长速度最快 ,1 5叶叶面积最大。高密度下叶长、叶宽都较小 ,两种密度下最宽叶是最长叶 (穗位叶 )以上二片叶即 1 5叶。高密度下叶面积和光合势较低 ,但高密度的中期稳定 ,后期下降平稳 ;叶面积指数在抽雄吐丝期最高 ,光合势在后期分配比例占 2 /3。植株生长的曲线符合Logistic方程 ,7.5万株 /hm2 比 6 0万株 /hm2密度下的株高低 ,群体株高整齐度也小 ,而产量高 493 .6kg/hm2 。试验表明 :7.5万株 /hm2 相对 6 0万株 /hm2 密度较适合于苏玉 (糯 ) 1号的生长。     

低温胁迫对高原水稻幼苗叶片超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

低温胁迫对高原水稻２叶期和５叶期幼苗叶片的ＳＯＤ活性影响有差异：２叶期普遍下降；而５叶期抗寒性强的和栽培在较高海拔农业区的地区传统品种上升．室外自然光下培育的幼苗比温室人工光下培育的幼苗，其ＳＯＤ活性较高．ＳＯＤ活性随低温处理不同时间有波动；零下冰冻上升；低温处理之后再回温普遍下降．     

用单叶重速测青贮玉米单株总叶面积

研究了苗期（４叶期）、拔节期和灌浆期的“白马牙”玉米每层叶鲜重（或干重）与单株总叶面积的回归方程。结果表明，按从上至下的顺序排叶序，则苗期的第三层叶、拔节期的第四层叶和灌浆期的第十层叶的鲜重（或干重）分别与该期的单株总叶面积呈最显著的正相关，可分别用来快速估测该生育时期的单株总面积。     

25个彩叶桂无性系(品种)的数量分类研究

[目的]通过观测彩叶桂品种的枝叶性状并进行数量分类研究,为彩叶桂品种分类和优良品种选育提供参考依据.[方法]于春季对25个彩叶桂品种进行形态学特征观察,以观测的35个枝叶性状指标数据进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,去掉相关性较大且累积贡献率较小的性状指标,然后对25个彩叶桂品种进行Q型聚类分析.[结果]R型聚类结果显示:...     

盾叶薯蓣主要营养元素含量及其动态的研究

通过对盾叶薯蓣不同发育时期(花前、花期及花后)、不同叶片( 功能叶和幼叶)的 N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg等营养元素含量的测定分析,揭示了盾叶薯蓣营养元素的分布及动态规律.结果表明所测营养元素的动态变化可分为4种类型. a. 功能叶的 Zn, Cu 的含量,功能叶和幼叶的Mg和P含量从花前、花期至花后逐渐减少; b. 幼叶的 Zn 含量, 功能叶和幼叶的Fe, K 含量,幼叶的Mn 含量,表现出花前最高、 花后次之、 花期最少的动态; c. 幼叶的Cu 含量及功能叶的Mn 含量表现出在花后最高、 花前次之、 花期最低的变化规律; d. N 的含量, 无论在功能叶、 还是在幼叶中,都是花期最高、 花前次之、花后最低.营养元素的动态变化可作为植物对营养需求的指标,可作为在不同阶段确定施肥量的依据.     

重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌(Bipolaris carbonum Wilson)的分离鉴定

试验对重庆地区玉米圆斑病病原菌进行了分离、纯化和鉴定，同时进行了病原菌的致病性测定．病原菌的致病性测定结果表明：病原菌可直接侵入玉米的叶片，并于1周后表现出玉米圆斑病的典型症状．病原菌的培养性状及其分生孢子和分生孢子梗等形态特征的观察结果表明：重庆地区玉米圆斑病菌属半知菌亚门平脐蠕孢属炭色长孺孢（Bipolaris carbonum Wilson）．     

水稻叶片叶龄判断方法研究

笔者于1982—1992年对58个水稻品种(包括杂交组合和制种亲本)进行的观察结果表明:水稻外观形态特征——双零叶、葫芦叶、植伤叶和伸长叶枕距是判断水稻叶片叶龄的依据.在秧田期间可用数记法和种谷方向来判断秧苗的叶龄;在水稻移栽后返青分蘖期,可根据第一双零叶、第一类葫芦叶、植伤叶来判断叶龄的变化;在幼穗分化期,可根据第二双零叶、第二类葫芦叶和伸长叶枕距来判断最后3片叶.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.