藻类死亡过程中生化降解对有机质成烃转化的意义

盘星藻经过死亡过程的生化降解作用后,烷烃生物标志物组成发生了很大变化,主要表现在C17正烷烃优势的进一步提高和更高碳数烯烃化合物的大量产生．热解前和200℃热解时,两种藻样品的烷烃含量均很低．300℃热模拟后,新鲜藻产烃量仍然很低;而死亡藻烷烃产量达到细胞干重的5．6％,是相同热解温度下新鲜藻烷烃产量的12倍．死亡过程对藻类热解烃的生物标志物组成也有重要影响,明显有利于低碳数正烷烃的大量产生,Pr／Ph,Pr／nC₁₇,Ph／nC₁₈等正烷烃参数发生明显变化．研究结果表明死亡过程有利于低熟油的形成,死亡藻细胞中的非细菌降解对于藻类生烃具有重要的地球化学意义．     

四川汉源五峰期地层中烷烃的某些分布特征

对四川汉源五峰期地层中不同层位７个样品的烷烃化合物研究显示，正构烷烃只有窄碳数范围（ｎＣ１０～ｎＣ３１）、低主峰碳数（ｎＣ１４、ｎＣ１６），高轻重组分比值１．３９～６．４１）、轻组分中偶碳占优势（ＯＥＰ＝０２９～０．７７）、以及类异戊二烯烃含量低（ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７＝０．５２～０．８０；Ｐｈ／ｎＣ１８＝０．３５～０．８２）、植烷占优势（Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ＝０．６５～０．９２）的特征．对比研究进一步表明，黑色岩系相对非黑色岩系只有较大的正烷烃轻重组分比值，且轻重组分比值与古生物类型存在明显的依赖关系，高盐度及还原环境有利于形成植烷优势，但在总的还原背景下Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ值并未显示随还原程度加强而变小的趋势。     

金属矿床中的煤型烃类

气相色谱分析表明,原生包裹体内存在着数种烃类诸如ＣＨ４,Ｃ２Ｈ４,Ｃ３Ｈ８,Ｃ３Ｈ６,Ｃ２Ｈ２,ｉＣ４,ｎＣ４,ｉＣ５,ｎＣ５和Ｃ６。轻烃的干湿比很高（０．９７２～０．９９８）,具有煤型气的特征。流体包裹体常沿着愈合断裂与煤包裹体共生,由此推断成矿流体内的轻烃可能来自于煤而非石油。     

用全DNA转化法构建多功能石油降解菌

以嗜蜡的不动杆菌４－１ 作为受体菌,经溶菌酶破壁后,用嗜胶的假单胞菌Ｚ１７ 的全ＤＮＡ 转化,经再生后用只含高胶油的选择培养基筛选出转化子不动杆菌ＺＨ２０．破壁及再生的最佳条件为：溶菌酶浓度１．５ｍ ｇ／ｍ Ｌ,３７℃水浴保温４０ｍ ｉｎ,破壁率为９３．８％ ,再生率达到３０．２％ ;转化条件为：３０％ ＰＥＧ６０００,５０ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２ ,于３７℃保温２０ｍ ｉｎ．ＺＨ２０ 具有嗜高胶油和高蜡油的双重性状,５０℃条件下使高胶油粘度降低２２．２％ ,使高蜡油的凝固点降低２．５℃,且保持了受体菌的耐热和耐盐性能．液蜡培养基连续传代１０ 次,性能稳定．     

云南17种菊科植物微量元素含量特征研究

本文论述了云南１７种菊科植物９个元素含量的特征．元素含量顺序有１０种植物遵守Ｆｅ，Ａｌ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｏ的规律，有５种植物遵守Ｆｅ，Ａｌ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｏ的规律．元素含量的相对离散度为：Ａｌ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｏ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｒ．反映元素含量顺序与相对离散度顺序不完全匹配．元素Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ，Ｚｎ含量的频数分布总体为正态．Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ａｌ含量的频数分布为正偏态型，并呈现高狭峰．元素Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ含量间呈明显正相关；Ｆｅ与Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｃｒ间呈负相关．根据统计分级聚类分析，１７种植物分５组，１，２组共１１种植物，显示了植物对Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ吸收积累的聚类特征．第５组的小一支箭和臭灵丹，显示出对Ｆｅ，Ａｌ或Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ吸收积累的特殊性     

沾河断陷烃源岩有机地球化学特征

孙吴-嘉荫盆地沾河断陷的主力烃源岩是淘淇河组,属中等烃源岩;有机质类型为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;有机质成熟度处于低成熟-成熟阶段.烃源岩抽提物生物标记化合物组成中含有丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯型烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物.正构烷烃呈单峰型分布,nC23、nC27、nC29为主峰碳,重烃组分占有绝对优势,OEP值为1.04 ～3.76,具有明显的奇碳数优势.Pr/Ph比值为0.49 ～2.31,多数接近于1,姥鲛烷和植烷优势不明显.萜烷主要为五环三萜烷,以C30藿烷和C31升藿烷丰度最高,其次是C29降藿烷和Tm;甾类化合物主要成分为规则甾烷C27、C28和C29,ααα20RC27、C28和C29甾烷多数呈不对称的“V”形分布,C29＞ C27＞C28.甾萜烷分布特征反映了孙吴-嘉荫盆地沾河断陷淘淇河组烃源岩的原始有机母质构成中既有丰富的菌藻类等低等水生生物,又有一定比例的陆生高等植物混合输入,其沉积环境为弱氧化弱还原环境.     

广西南源洞硅灰石矿床地质特征及成因

硅灰石矿体产出在石英二长岩外接触带下石炭统岩关阶硅质灰岩特定的地层中。成矿作用以接触热变质作用为主并伴随接触交代作用的叠加。硅灰石的形成主要是硅质灰岩中的Ｏ、Ｓｉ、Ｃａ在岩浆热源条件下固相扩散就地重新组合的产物。硅质灰岩中的ＳｉＯ＿２＞３５％是形成矿区硅灰石富矿的必要条件。矿石平均化学成分ＳｉＯ＿２５２．１７％、ＣａＯ４１．２９％、Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３０．６１％、ＭｎＯ０．０７４％；矿石中矿物平均含量硅灰石（Ｗｏ）７３．６３％、石英（Ｑ）９．５７％、透辉石６．７５％、方解石５．６６％、石榴石（Ｇｒ）２．１４％；矿石属Ⅰ级品矿石，可用于建筑陶瓷工业。     

固-液合金化 Fe-1Mn-1Cu-C 材料

采用５０Ｍｎ－５０Ｃｕ母合金粉末作添加剂及复压－热处理工艺制取Ｆｅ－１Ｍｎ－１Ｃｕ－（０．３～０．５）Ｃ烧结低合金钢．研究了实现固－液合金化的工艺条件及材料的性能．结果表明,在１０５０℃烧结３０ｍｉｎ,或在１１００℃烧结２０ｍｉｎ,均可通过固－液合金化方式,实现Ｍｎ,Ｃｕ两合金元素快速溶入Ｆｅ基体中．经复压－热处理后试样的性能可达到：密度ρ＝７．３１～７．５４ｇ／ｃｍ３;抗拉强度σｂ＝８６４～９６８ＭＰａ;冲击韧性αＫ＝１７．７～３４．８Ｊ／ｃｍ２．     

沾河断陷烃源岩地球化学特征与形成环境

孙吴-嘉荫盆地沾河断陷的主力烃源岩是淘淇河组,属中等烃源岩;有机质类型为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;有机质成熟度处于低成熟-成熟阶段。烃源岩抽提物生物标记化合物组成中含有丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯型烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物。正构烷烃呈单峰型分布,nC23、nC27、nC29为主峰碳,重烃组分占有绝对优势,OEP值为1.04～3.76,具有明显的奇碳数优势。Pr/Ph比值为0.49～2.31,多数接近于1,姥鲛烷和植烷优势不明显。萜烷主要为五环三萜烷,以C30藿烷和C31升藿烷丰度最高,其次是C29降藿烷和Tm;甾类化合物主要成分为规则甾烷C27、C28和C29,ααα20RC27、C28和C29甾烷多数呈不对称的“V”形分布,C29>C27>C28。甾萜烷分布特征反映了孙吴-嘉荫盆地沾河断陷淘淇河组烃源岩的原始有机母质构成中既有丰富的菌藻类等低等水生生物,又有一定比例的陆生高等植物混合输入,其沉积环境为弱氧化弱还原环境。     

柴达木盆地三湖坳陷气钾1井烃源岩地球化学特征分析

对烃源岩的地球化学特性的研究有助于油气的勘测。柴达木盆地三湖坳陷有丰厚的天然气资源,沉积范围广,厚度较大其厚度整体约2 000~3 200 m。选取三湖地区达布逊湖东部气钾1井的烃源岩样品,通过分析生物标志化合物,研究烃源岩的地球化学特征。实验结果表明:饱和烃的中低碳数分子无明显偶奇碳数优势,反映出微生物的降解作用明显改变了常规生物标志物的分布特征;有机质母质,植烷含量丰富,其碳数值接近于主峰碳数值,呈现弱还原的沉积环境特征;气钾1井中天然气有机母质主要来源于以陆生高等植物为主要母源的湖相沉积环境;伽马蜡烷也出峰明显,说明其沉积的水环境主要为高盐特征;正构烷烃C_(31)/C_(29)的比值表明这一期间的气候条件为寒冷干燥。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.