氟、砷对体外培养大鼠血管内皮细胞的损伤作用

目的观察氟、砷对大鼠血管内皮细胞的损伤作用.方法体外分离培养大鼠胸主动脉血管内皮细胞,浓度按氟化钠(Na F)0,600,900μmol/L与亚砷酸钠(Na As O2)0,0.1,1.0μmol/L配伍,染毒培养时间为48 h.光镜观察细胞生长形态,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,单细胞凝胶电泳法分析内皮细胞DNA损伤情况.结果非染毒对照组及氟、砷低浓度组细胞生长良好,呈梭形和卵石形,氟、砷单独及联合高浓度组细胞生长状态较差,部分细胞呈圆形,有坏死;氟、砷单独及联合高浓度组细胞活性低于非染毒对照组及氟、砷低浓度组(P0.05);氟、砷单独及联合高浓度组细胞凋亡率高于非染毒对照组及氟、砷低浓度组(P0.05);同样,氟、砷单独及联合高浓度组细胞DNA损伤较非染毒对照组及氟、砷低浓度组严重(P0.05).结论氟、砷单独及联合作用可降低大鼠血管内皮细胞活性,诱导细胞凋亡,引发细胞DNA损伤,并存在明显的剂量-效应关系,提示氟、砷对内皮细胞的生长抑制及DNA损伤作用是血液、循环系统损伤的重要因素.     

砷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖和分化的影响

通过砷(Arsenic)干预3T3-L1前脂肪细胞观察其对该细胞增殖和分化的影响。用药物对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞进行诱导分化,采用油红O染色方法对脂肪细胞进行鉴定;然后用MTT和细胞计数器检测正常组和砷染毒组3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖的影响,并筛选合适砷浓度;正常组和砷染毒组3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,诱导分化为脂肪细胞,提取油红O染液,通过比色定量分析检测两组3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化过程中胞浆脂质的堆积,检测砷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果显示:低浓度砷(5μmol/L以下)对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的生长表现为促进趋势,相反,高于此浓度时抑制其细胞的增殖;不同浓度砷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化表现为抑制趋势并呈一定的量效关系,和对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。由此得出以下结论:低浓度砷(5μmol/L以下)可以促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖,高浓度砷抑制其增殖;不同浓度砷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化都产生抑制作用。     

砷对人体的毒性及其环境治理

本文说明砷的毒性及其中毒症状，告诫人们必须警惕砷中毒，并指出减少砷中毒的关键在于防止和治理砷对环境的污染。     

CdCl2诱导秋粘虫细胞(Sf9)凋亡的初步研究

以秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9）的细胞为材料，用不同浓度的CdCl2，通过Giemsa染色的形态学方法，研究其细胞凋亡．结果表明，在重金属离子的胁迫作用下，不同浓度的重金属离子致使细胞死亡率不同；其急性损伤域为136μmol／L；20μmol／L CdCl2作用6h后，Sf9细胞出现了凋亡小体．     

亚砷酸钠对NIT-1细胞增殖及胰岛素基因表达的影响

为了观察亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)对胰岛β细胞NIT-1增殖及胰岛素(Insulin)基因表达的影响,本实验使用不同浓度的NaAsO2(1,2,4,8,16和32μmol/L)分别不同时间(24h和48h)作用于NIT-1细胞,以MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性,RT-PCR方法检测Insulin mRNA的表达。结果显示:1)NaAsO2对NIT-1细胞增殖活性的影响:当NaAsO2浓度小于2μmol/L的时候轻度促进NIT-1细胞增殖(P0.05)。当NaAsO2浓度大于4μmol/L时抑制细胞增殖(P0.01),细胞增殖抑制率随NaAsO2浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而增加(P0.01)。2)NaAsO2(1,4和8μmol/L)对NIT-1细胞Insulin mRNA的表达的影响:作用24h,各剂量组InsulinmRNA表达降低,其中8μmol/L组与对照组比差异有统计学意义;作用48h,各剂量组Insulin mRNA表达降低,其中4μmol/L组和8μmol/L组与对照组比差异有统计学意义。由此可得出砷对NIT-1细胞增殖及Insulin基因表达的影响与作用时间、剂量有关,Insulin mRNA表达水平的改变可能是砷影响胰岛β细胞功能进而引发糖尿病的机制之一。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对甘油诱导小鼠急性肾功能衰竭的保护作用

目的:探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对甘油诱导的小鼠急性肾功能衰竭的保护作用。方法:将φ=50%的甘油注射于停止饮水18h的C57BL/6j小鼠后肢肌肉内(11 6mL/kg),诱导小鼠产生急性肾功能衰竭;于注射甘油3h后,实验组小鼠每天腹腔注射G-CSF10μg/kg,连续注射5d,对照组用等量的生理盐水进行注射,正常组不作任何处理;在注射甘油72h和168h后,分别检测小鼠血清的肌酐和尿素氮含量,观察小鼠肾脏组织的病理变化。结果:在注射甘油后第72h,实验组血清的肌酐和尿素氮分别为(37 2±2 17)μmol/L和(15 6±1 60)mmol/L,显著低于对照组(P<0 01),略高于正常组(P>0 05);肾组织切片,HE染色,显微镜检查发现肾近曲小管上皮细胞变性坏死病灶呈散在分布(++),明显较对照组(++++)轻。在第168h,实验组血清的肌酐和尿素氮分别为(32 3±3 46)μmol/L和(10 90±1 24)mmol/L,接近于正常(32 2±2 09)μmol/L和(12 25±1 11)mmol/L;肾组织切片,HE染色,显微镜检查发现肾组织病理改变(+)也接近正常。结论:G-CSF对甘油诱导的小鼠急性肾功能衰竭有保护作用。     

砷剂抗肿瘤作用分子机制研究进展

近年来，国内外对砷剂与肿瘤的研究发展很快．研究发现砷剂抗肿瘤作用的分子机制可能包括：(1)诱导细胞分化；(2)细胞周期阻滞；(3)直接损伤DNA；(4)诱导细胞凋亡．其中主要是通过诱导凋亡实现抗肿瘤作用。     

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)叶状体细胞对4种有机溶剂的敏感性比较

分析了坛紫菜叶状体细胞对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、1，3-丙二醇等4种有机溶剂的敏感性．结果表明：体细胞对1，3-丙二醇敏感．在实验最低剂量(0．2μL／mL)下对紫菜体细胞就表现出较强的致死作用；对甲醇有较强的耐受性．在最高的1．0μL／mL处理浓度组．生长发育状况与对照组无明显差别；乙醇在浓度高于0.6μL／mL时强烈抑制体细胞的分裂；异丙醇随着浓度的升高表现出使体细胞向细胞团方向分化．而叶状体的形成则受到抑制．本实验结果表明．在用外源化合物处理紫菜叶状体细胞时．甲醇在1．0μL／mL浓度范围内可作为合适的有机溶剂。     

Cu~(2+)对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulinaplatensis)的毒性影响

利用CuSO4 溶液研究了Cu2 + 对钝顶螺旋藻 (Spirulinaplatensis)的毒性影响。Cu2 + 在24和48h时对钝顶螺旋藻的半数有效浓度 (EC50)分别为46.84和23.91μmol/L,对钝顶螺旋藻的安全浓度为1.869μmol/L。与其他藻类相比 ,钝顶螺旋藻对Cu2 + 耐受性较强     

大叶冬青叶外植体的愈伤组织诱导与不定芽苗再生

将离体培养的大叶冬青幼叶外植体在含有TDZ(噻吩隆,浓度0．1～5．0μmol／L)与IAA(浓度0．1～5．0μmol／L)的wPM培养基上培养,能够产生愈伤组织。当TDZ浓度不变时,5．0μmol／LIAA处理产生的愈伤组织块直径最大;愈伤组织块转培到含有不同浓度TDZ与IAA的WPM培养基上,在5．0μmol／LTDZ 3．0μmol／LIAA的培养基上出现较多不定芽苗(每一愈伤组织块平均产生11．2株);几种细胞分裂素作用比较研究表明：在BA、TDZ与ZT(均为15．0μmol／L)处理中,较好的芽苗增殖系数分别为3．7,6．0和7．4,BA与2-ip(均为3．0μmol／L)处理时芽苗高生长可达34mm和45mm。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the