KTa0.65Nb0.35O3陶瓷粉体的合成及铁电性质研究

以Nb2O5和Ta2O5为前驱反应物,KOH为矿化剂,采用异丙醇为反应介质,成功地合成了KTa0.65Nb0.35O3陶瓷粉体.采用XRD、FEESM和FT-IR等测试方法表征发现KTN粉体是四方相、纯钙钛矿结构,晶粒形状呈规则的立方体,边长分布约为100~300 nm.实验表明:在水热合成过程中,反应溶剂、矿化剂KOH的摩尔浓度和反应温度是影响KTN粉体结构和形貌的关键因素,合成反应的优化工艺条件是KOH浓度1~2mol.L-1,反应温度523 K,反应时间8 h;用Rad iant 66铁电测试系统测量剩余极化强度为Pz~2.5μC/cm2,且随外加电场增强而增大.     

弱碱并流沉淀法制备纳米氧化铋

以Bi( NO3)3·5H2O为原料,利用弱碱并流沉淀法制备Bi2O3粉体,实验结果表明最佳的工艺条件为:反应温度为30℃,Bi(NO3)3溶液的浓度为0.20 mol/L,最佳反应pH为8.XRD分析结果表明产物为α - Bi2O3,晶粒尺寸约为34 nm.     

熔盐法合成片状NaNbO3晶体

片状NaNbO3晶体可作为反应模板晶粒生长技术(RTGG)制备高取向铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的模板晶体,通常采用两步熔盐法合成.首先合成片状Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18(BNN5)晶体,然后以BNN5晶体作为前驱体合成NaNbO3晶体.借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM),考察合成温度以及保温时间对晶体物相、形貌和尺寸的影响并揭示片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理.结果表明:以NaCl为熔盐,1 150 ℃保温4 h,得到物相单一、形貌规则、尺寸均一的片状NaNbO3晶体,晶体尺寸约为15 μm×10 μm×1 μm.片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理是高温条件下由于熔盐中Na2CO3作用,BNN5晶体中[Bi2O2]层被破坏,Bi3+、O2-不断从结构中析出,[Bi2O2]层脱离.同时一部分Na+进入晶格中取代[NbO6]八面体空隙中的Bi3+,另一部分Na+进入[Bi2O2]层脱离后形成的空位中与NaNbO3基元进行结构重排,最终形成NaNbO3晶体.     

熔盐法制备Bi_(1.5)ZnNb_(1.5)O_7陶瓷

以Bi2O3,ZnO和Nb2O5为原料,KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法和传统无压烧结工艺合成了单相Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷.XRD和SEM分析表明,在950～1 000℃合成了单相Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7粉体.研究了不同工艺条件对Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷烧结特性、相组成、微观组织和介电性能的影响.随温度的升高,介电常数先增大后减小,介电损耗变化与之相反.在1 050℃烧结2 h后Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷介电性能最佳:εr≈155(1 MHz),tanδ≈3.1×10-3.     

反向滴定化学共沉淀法制备Bi_0.75 Dy_0.25 O_1.5 纳米粉体的反应机理

以分析纯Bi2O3、Dy2O3为原料,采用反向滴定化学共沉淀法合成前躯体.经热重-质谱分析(TG-MS),前驱体主要是由BiOOH、Dy(OH)3组成,但含有微量BiONO3、Bi2O2CO3.前驱体经过500℃煅烧3h后,X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析结果表明,得到的是单一的β-Bi0.75Dy0.25O1.5粉体,经谢乐公式计算,平均晶粒尺寸在16.02nm左右.X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析结果表明,Bi/Dy摩尔比接近理论计量比.投射电子显微镜(TEM)分析结果表明,粉体颗粒尺寸小于20nm,分散性良好.通过热力学计算对沉淀反应的机理进行了探讨.     

高能球磨法制备Mg_4Nb_2O_9微波介质陶瓷及其表征

采用高能球磨法制备粉体.粉体球磨60 h后在900℃保温3 h预烧合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相,研究了由高能球磨所得粉体制备的Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的相结构、显微组织和微波介电性能随烧结温度的变化关系.X射线衍射检测Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷在1 150～1 200℃烧结过程中有微量的MgNb2O6和Mg5Nb4O15杂相产生,烧结温度高于1 200℃时,样品为Mg4Nb20g纯相;样品收缩率和密度随烧结温度的增大而增加,在1 200℃趋于饱和,分别为13.6和4.22 g/cm3(相对密度96.42%);样品的气孔含量随烧结温度增大降低,晶粒尺寸随烧结温度增大而增大,介电常数和品质因数随烧结温度的增大而增加;1 200℃烧结的样品具有高的致密度、清晰的显微组织,平均晶粒尺寸为3.5 μm,微波介电性能εr=12.6,Q·f=133164 GHz,τ=-56.69×10-6/℃.实验结果表明.高能球磨有效促进球磨后粉体在900℃低温合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相;并降低Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的烧结温度到1 200℃,改善了陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数,有望成为新一代中温烧结微波介质材料.     

Bi2Fe4O9的制备及光催化性能研究

用Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和Fe(NO3)3.9H2O为基本原料,采用共沉淀法合成了Bi2Fe4O9粉体,用XRD和SEM测试了不同制备条件下得到的Bi2Fe4O9粉体的晶体结构和形貌,XRD结果表明在650℃～750℃直接煅烧2h可得到纯相Bi2Fe4O9粉体,SEM结果表明随着灼烧温度的提高,晶粒的尺寸增加,750℃时晶粒呈片状,UV-Vis分析表明,Bi2Fe4O9在可见光区域有较强的吸收,光催化性能表明,Bi2Fe4O9粉体对甲基橙降解效果较好。     

纳米结构ZrO_2(Y)和ZrO_2(Y)-Al_2O_3粉体低温退火前后的结构和性质

研究等离子体 -化学方法制备的纳米结构 Zr O2 -Y2 O3 和 Zr O2 -Y2 O3-Al2 O3 粉体及其不同温度退火前后的结构、性质变化 .结果表明 ,用这种方法制备的粉体 ,烧结后具有很好的聚合性能 ,聚合结构可达到 1～ 2 μm,且内部晶粒尺寸很小 (2 5～ 35 nm) ;在 12 0 0℃以下退火 ,X射线衍射图谱上没有 Al2 O3 的衍射峰 ;对于两种体系 ,主相 Zr O2 的结构虽大致相同 ,但当低温退火 (<12 0 0℃ )时其在 Zr O2 -Y2 O3 体系中的晶格畸变比在 Zr O2 -Y2 O3-Al2 O3 系统中的变化更大 ;晶粒尺寸 (D)为 10～ 15 nm的粉体几乎没有晶格畸变     

单分散纳米氧化铋的制备

以硝酸铋、氢氧化钠为原料,采用化学沉淀法直接合成了纳米氧化铋粉体.利用X射线衍射仪、激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜、化学分析法等对合成的纳米氧化铋粉体的结构、形貌、粒度、成分等进行了表征,研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应物浓度、表面活性剂等因素在制备纳米氧化铋粉体时对产物粒径和产率的影响.研究结果表明:采用化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化铋粉体时在Bi(NO3)3质量浓度为300 g/L, 油酸和十二烷基硫酸钠作表面活性剂, 反应温度为90 ℃,反应时间为2 h时,产率达99%,产物为α-Bi2O3,纯度达99.5%;颗粒均匀,呈球形,分散性很好,平均粒径约为60 nm.     

Al_2O_3/SnO_2纳米复合粉体制备及其红外吸收特性研究

利用Sol-gel法制备了Al2O3/SnO2纳米粉体,颗粒大小为20 nm.研究了Al2O3掺杂对SnO2粉体物相结构、晶化行为及晶粒度的影响,并对Al2O3/SnO2复合粉体的红外吸收性能进行了研究.分析认为,所制备的SnO2粉体样品属于四方结构,Al2O3的加入对SnO2结晶温度、晶粒度等方面产生影响,可对SnO2晶粒生长有明显的抑制作用,大大降低其晶粒度.并且,Al2O3/SnO2复合粉体在400~1000cm-1波数范围内有较强的红外吸收.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.