基于同贝同步装卸的岸桥与集卡联合调度优化模型

为解决岸桥同贝同步装卸时多环节作业协调问题,加速集装箱在码头内部的周转,研究基于岸桥同贝同步装卸作业的岸桥与集卡联合调度问题.以船舶装卸完工时间最短为目标,建立岸桥与集卡联合调度优化模型,优化岸桥与集卡的任务分配及作业序列.岸桥同贝同步装卸增加了集卡作业环节,不同于传统作业时多阶段混合流水车间问题,其模型更加复杂,求解更加困难.针对大规模问题,设计了启发式算法进行求解,并将求解结果与下界值进行对比分析.结果表明,该启发式算法能有效提高岸桥与集卡联合调度模型的求解速度,有助于提高岸桥同贝同步装卸作业效率,为码头实际作业提供依据.     

同船装卸协调作业模式下的集卡路径优化调度

为提高集装箱码头的装卸作业效率,合理使用集装箱码头作业机械资源,研究了基于同船同步装卸协调作业情况下集卡行驶路径问题,并综合考虑了岸桥的作业时间,使得在这种装卸调度模式下,集卡的行驶时间和岸桥装卸集装箱的总作业时间最小.并对所建模型进行了数值模拟,给出了集卡行驶的最优路径,岸桥进行装卸同步作业的次数.与传统的调度模式相比较,大大缩短了集卡的行驶时间以及降低了集卡的空载率,同时也提高了岸桥的作业效率,总体提高了机械设备的利用率.     

集装箱船舶装卸作业时起吊设备-车辆的规划研究

针对集卡、堆场起吊设备和岸桥设备在集装箱船舶装卸作业时的规划问题提出了一个起吊设备一车辆的规划模型．模型对岸桥装载规划、堆场起吊设备路径选择和集卡分配进行了系统的优化,其优化目标是相关设备的空闲和堆场起吊设备空驶时间的最小化．针对模型提出一种改进的遗传算法,并根据其特性减少了搜索空间．实验表明,上述模型针对整个装载过程获得了系统模拟结果,其算法在允许的运算时间内能获得稳定的满意解．     

考虑缓冲区容量的岸桥、AGV和堆场起重机集成调度

为了提高自动化集装箱码头装卸设备之间的协调程度和作业效率,针对码头卸船过程中岸桥、自动化导引车(automated guided vehicle,AGV)和堆场起重机的集成调度问题,考虑了堆场交接缓冲区的容量约束,以最小化卸船任务完工时间为目标,建立了考虑缓冲区容量约束的集成调度混合整数线性规划模型,确定各装卸设备作业序列并优化缓存位-任务的分配关系.设计了优先级偏随机密钥遗传算法和贪婪插入启发式对问题求解.实验结果验证了模型和算法的有效性,并得出适当的缓冲区容量能够缩短船舶在港时间,降低码头水平运输区域压力,提高AGV利用率.     

集装箱港口装卸作业设备集成调度

为提高集装箱港口的装卸效率,采用混合Flow Shop调度理论,将集装箱任务的装卸过程看作岸桥装卸、集卡运输和场桥装卸的三阶段混合Flow Shop调度问题,建立装卸任务完工时间最小化为目标的集成调度混合整数规划模型.使用矩阵编码方式的遗传算法对模型和算例进行求解,结果表明:集成调度方法比岸桥、集卡、场桥协调调度方法更具有现实意义,通过扩大任务规模,遗传算法求解结果与模型下界进行比较,当集装箱任务规模在100个以上时,求解结果与模型下界之间差距都在5%以内,证明了算法有效性.     

基于HFSS的集装箱码头集成调度模型的建立与求解

集装箱码头作为连接水陆两方的集装箱运输枢纽,在物流环节中起着重要作用.集装箱码头的装卸作业过程可以看成一个由岸桥、集卡、场桥组成的三阶段混合流水车间调度系统.为了提高集装箱码头的装卸作业效率、缩短船舶的靠泊时间,本文根据混合流水车间调度策略(HFSS),建立了以最小完成时间为目标函数的三阶段集成调度模型.求解过程中将集卡的因素考虑进去,使用基于改进的johnson法则的启发式算法来求解该模型.最后与遗传算法求解结果进行对比,发现在相同条件下,基于改进的Johnson规则的启发式算法相比于传统的遗传算法得到的结果更优,得到的最优解距离下界只有4.1%的差距.     

基于逆向强化学习的装船时堆场翻箱智能决策

集装箱码头装船时堆场翻箱具有时序性与动态性，属于NP（non?deterministic polynomial）难问题。针对常见的顺岸式集装箱码头堆场，以最小化总翻箱次数为优化目标，考虑翻箱对装船连续性及效率的影响，基于马尔科夫决策过程构建装船时堆场翻箱模型，设计逆向强化学习算法。为验证算法的有效性，以随机决策为基准，将设计的逆向强化学习算法与码头常见规则决策、随机决策对比。结果表明，贝位堆存状态不佳时，常见的规则决策不一定优于随机决策；逆向强化学习算法可有效挖掘隐含专家经验，收敛至最小翻箱次数的概率更高，且不同堆存状态下均能更好地限制单次发箱的翻箱次数，可实现装船时堆场翻箱智能决策。     

集装箱码头岸桥分配与集卡调度整合问题研究

岸桥分配与集卡调度是相互联系相互影响的问题,如果要提高码头装卸效率,就必须协调好两者的调度关系。针对集装箱码头岸桥和集卡的协同调度问题,以使进口箱和出口箱的总完工时间最短为目的,考虑了集卡路径约束和岸桥实际操作情况等实际约束,构建了边装边卸的混合整数规划模型。由于模型比较复杂,因此采用了分层方法来实现两种设备的协调调度,并用改进的遗传算法来求解模型。实验表明,通过将改进算法的结果与标准化软件CPLEX所求得的最优解或下界比较,算法求得6组最优解且剩余算例平均偏差小于5%;在求解时间方面,随着岸桥、集卡和集装箱数量的增加,CPLEX求解时间跨度由1 s到1 h快速增长,而改进算法求解却仅仅需要几十秒,因此说明改进的算法可以快速有效地解决岸桥和集卡的协同调度问题。     

基于双40英尺岸桥装卸的船舶多港主贝配载优化决策

考虑双40英尺岸桥装卸、20英尺与40英尺干货箱和冷藏箱配载、船舶舱盖等影响,以航线倒箱次数及双40英尺岸桥总装卸次数最小为目标,建立船舶多港主贝配载问题混合整数规划模型,提出舱位内20英尺和40英尺箱混装及非混装两种策略,设计基于启发式规则的超尺寸装箱算法求解两种策略下的配载方案。实例验证表明,采用该配载模型和求解算法能得到优化的配载方案。分析两种策略下的配载结果发现,非混装策略能有效提升总装卸作业效率,同时在同等初始条件下,双40英尺岸桥较普通岸桥至少提升24.5%的作业效率。     

集装箱码头出口街区作业调度优化

为提高集装箱码头装船作业效率,以最小化街区间作业不均衡程度为目标,考虑集卡数量、街区与泊位的距离及街区可用容量3种因素对目标值的影响,构建了街区分配与集卡指派一体化线性规划模型,并设计了两阶段算法进行求解。第一阶段,运用穷举法求解最优的集卡指派数量与作业箱量的非整数松弛解;第二阶段运用分支定界法求解作业箱量的最优整数解,并确定装载至同一船舶的出口箱的街区,以及每一街区需指派集卡的数量。数值实验表明,两阶段算法能在短时间内求得最优解,并能缩短集装箱装船时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to