集装箱码头岸桥与集卡集成调度问题研究

岸桥与集卡是集装箱码头的重要资源。为了提高码头的装卸效率,针对集装箱码头岸桥和集卡的集成调度问题,以完工时间最小为优化目标,考虑集装箱之间优先关系和岸桥安全边际的实际约束,建立混合整数线性规划模型,利用改进粒子群算法(IPSO)对模型进行求解,制定了粒子编码和解码规则,设计了一种新的速度更新策略来改进解的质量。实验表明,将改进算法的结果与优化软件CPLEX所求得的最优解比较,IPSO算法求得12组数值算例的平均偏差为0.582%,且CPLEX计算时间的跨度随着计算规模的扩大从2.92 s到1 h,而IPSO的求解时间控制在50 s之内,并得到最优解,证明了该模型和算法可以快速有效地解决岸桥与集卡的集成调度问题。     

基于同贝同步装卸的岸桥与集卡协同调度

集装箱码头岸边装卸桥同贝同步装卸船模式下,岸桥装卸作业序列决策和集卡调度协同优化是保障同步装卸率的关键,属NP难问题。考虑集卡和岸桥作业之间的紧密衔接、堆场翻箱影响、船舶舱盖等空间约束,构建以岸桥装卸总次数及堆场翻箱次数最小化、岸桥最大完工时间最小化、集卡等待时间最小化为目标的岸桥装卸序列决策与集卡调度联合优化数学模型。设计改进遗传算法-改进非支配排序多目标遗传算法（IGA-INSGA-Ⅱ）两阶段算法,利用IGA求解船舶贝位内岸桥装卸集装箱作业序列;基于装卸作业序列优化方案和INSGA-Ⅱ,提出岸桥最早可作业时间优先的集卡任务指派策略,设计分段式编码及解码方法,求解集卡任务分配与指派问题。通过算例,将设计的算法与常见智能算法进行对比分析,验证了模型与算法的有效性。     

基于同贝同步装卸的岸桥与集卡联合调度优化模型

为解决岸桥同贝同步装卸时多环节作业协调问题,加速集装箱在码头内部的周转,研究基于岸桥同贝同步装卸作业的岸桥与集卡联合调度问题.以船舶装卸完工时间最短为目标,建立岸桥与集卡联合调度优化模型,优化岸桥与集卡的任务分配及作业序列.岸桥同贝同步装卸增加了集卡作业环节,不同于传统作业时多阶段混合流水车间问题,其模型更加复杂,求解更加困难.针对大规模问题,设计了启发式算法进行求解,并将求解结果与下界值进行对比分析.结果表明,该启发式算法能有效提高岸桥与集卡联合调度模型的求解速度,有助于提高岸桥同贝同步装卸作业效率,为码头实际作业提供依据.     

基于HFSS的集装箱码头集成调度模型的建立与求解

集装箱码头作为连接水陆两方的集装箱运输枢纽,在物流环节中起着重要作用.集装箱码头的装卸作业过程可以看成一个由岸桥、集卡、场桥组成的三阶段混合流水车间调度系统.为了提高集装箱码头的装卸作业效率、缩短船舶的靠泊时间,本文根据混合流水车间调度策略(HFSS),建立了以最小完成时间为目标函数的三阶段集成调度模型.求解过程中将集卡的因素考虑进去,使用基于改进的johnson法则的启发式算法来求解该模型.最后与遗传算法求解结果进行对比,发现在相同条件下,基于改进的Johnson规则的启发式算法相比于传统的遗传算法得到的结果更优,得到的最优解距离下界只有4.1%的差距.     

基于集装箱任务组时间窗的堆场场桥调度模型建立与求解

有效的场桥调度模型对于减少集卡等待时间从而增加集装箱码头的产出量是非常关键的.考虑实际操作中单场区内多台场桥同时工作、互有干扰以及存取箱同时操作等约束,建立了基于任务组时间窗的以集装箱作业时间延迟或提前量最小为目标的数学模型.采用Gurobi进行优化求解本模型求得大规模堆场上场桥作业调度问题.经实际算例计算发现所得结果与实际相符.该模型在解决集装箱码头大规模问题中以及在获取解的质量与获取解所需时间上都优异于其他模型.     

同船装卸协调作业模式下的集卡路径优化调度

为提高集装箱码头的装卸作业效率,合理使用集装箱码头作业机械资源,研究了基于同船同步装卸协调作业情况下集卡行驶路径问题,并综合考虑了岸桥的作业时间,使得在这种装卸调度模式下,集卡的行驶时间和岸桥装卸集装箱的总作业时间最小.并对所建模型进行了数值模拟,给出了集卡行驶的最优路径,岸桥进行装卸同步作业的次数.与传统的调度模式相比较,大大缩短了集卡的行驶时间以及降低了集卡的空载率,同时也提高了岸桥的作业效率,总体提高了机械设备的利用率.     

考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度问题

考虑送箱集卡多码头调度的低碳、高效化要求,及为解决集卡不规律到达导致码头拥挤问题而提出的集卡预约集港机制,以单一外堆场调用送箱集卡数量最小及多集装箱码头调度方案碳排放总量最小为目标,构建了单堆场多码头送箱集卡调度模型.设计了改进的蚁群算法对该模型进行求解,得到按时间段划分的港外堆场多码头集卡低碳送箱方案,通过算例验证了所构建模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度方案所需集卡数量少,工作时间短,兼顾了集装箱码头集卡送箱作业低碳和高效的要求.     

单装单卸模式下集装箱装卸系统集成调度优化

从考虑三阶段作业的整体调度出发,对集装箱码头装卸设备调度进行集成优化,考虑了码头集装箱装卸作业中的设备的特点,以最小化系统所有集装箱作业的总完成时间（makespan）为目标函数,建立了一个混合整数规划模型.另一方面,考虑到大规模情况下不易求解的问题,以减少设备阻塞时间和空闲时间为目标,设计了基于岸桥阶段作业能力的轮廓适合启发式算法,求得集装箱码头集成调度问题的近最优解.通过数据实验,验证了算法的可行性和优越性.     

多集装箱码头内集卡调度方法

针对多集装箱码头内集卡调度问题设计一种新型调度方案.在满足码头集卡数量及经验需求情况下,综合考虑集卡的效率和集卡调运能耗,提出多目标混合整数规划模型,并采用匈牙利算法进行求解.通过算例分析,得出该模型下多目标函数的一组最优解,证明利用所建立的模型和算法可以在有效时间内快速找到最优的集卡调度方案,表明了该集卡调度方法的可行性.     

集装箱码头出口街区作业调度优化

为提高集装箱码头装船作业效率,以最小化街区间作业不均衡程度为目标,考虑集卡数量、街区与泊位的距离及街区可用容量3种因素对目标值的影响,构建了街区分配与集卡指派一体化线性规划模型,并设计了两阶段算法进行求解。第一阶段,运用穷举法求解最优的集卡指派数量与作业箱量的非整数松弛解;第二阶段运用分支定界法求解作业箱量的最优整数解,并确定装载至同一船舶的出口箱的街区,以及每一街区需指派集卡的数量。数值实验表明,两阶段算法能在短时间内求得最优解,并能缩短集装箱装船时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.