4—二氟甲氧基—2—硝基苯胺的制备

对氨基苯酚在TEBA相转移催化下,与氟里昂-22进行醚化反应制得对二氟甲氧基苯胺（2）,2用乙酸酐乙酰化得对二氟甲氧基乙酰苯胺（3）,3经浓H2SO4和浓HNO3混酸硝化得N-（2-硝基-4-二氟甲氧基）苯基乙酰胺（4）,最后在室温下直接以NaOH水溶液将4水解得标题化合物1,总收率达到30%,研究了不同条件对醚化反应的影响,获得了合成2的最佳工艺。     

2—巯基—5—甲氧基—1H—苯并咪唑的合成工艺改进

以扑热息痛为原料，经甲基化、硝化、水解得到2－硝基－4－甲氧基苯胺，以水合肼还原后，再与乙基黄原酸钾环缩合得2－巯基－5－甲氧基－1H－苯并咪唑，总收率达66.7%。     

2—巯基—5—二氟甲氧基—1—氢—苯并咪唑的合成工艺改进

以价格低廉的Raney-Ni作催化剂，实现了2－硝基－4－二氟甲氧基苯胺的较好还原，且还原产物不经分离直接用于标题化合物的制备，总收率达到68％，反应时间缩短至5－6h.     

聚2,3,5,6-四甲氧基对苯乙炔的合成新方法

报道了以1，2，4，5—四甲氧基苯和1，2—二溴乙烷为单体，经过A1C13催化的烷基化聚合反应和四氯苯醌脱氢反应，合成聚2，3，5，6—四甲氧基对苯乙炔(PTMPV)的方法；考察了催化剂用量、烷基化反应时间、溶剂等因素对聚2，3，5，6—四甲氧基对苯乙烯(PTMPE)收率及分子量的影响。实验研究结果表明四氯苯醌脱氢反应是PTMPE脱氢合成PTMPV的适宜方法。采用IR和^1H—NMR等分析方法对PTMPV的结构进行了表征，结果表明PTMPV具有链状π—共轭结构特征。     

新化合物1-(4,4''-二甲氧基二苯基)-亚甲基-3,6-二甲氧基环丙萘的合成和光谱性质

报导了一种新化合物1—(4，4’—二甲氧基二苯基)—亚甲基—3，6—二甲氧基环丙萘(简称DHBM)的合成，测定了该化合物的质谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱、^1H和^13C的核磁共振谱，并进行了表征，该化合物中与萘稠合的三元环，引入苯亚甲基后，呈现出更高的稳定性。     

应用芳基锂合成查尔酮

苯基锂、2—甲氧基苯基锂和 2 ,4—二甲氧苯基锂分别与肉桂酸反应以 75 % ,6 5 % ,5 0 %的收率生成相应的查尔酮 ;2 ,6—二甲氧基苯基锂与肉桂酸不发生反应 ,但能与肉桂酸甲酯反应生成 2′,6′—二甲氧基查尔酮 ;类似的还制得了 2′,4′,6′—三甲氧基查尔酮和 2′,4′,4,6′—四甲氧基查尔酮。 2 ,4—二甲氧基苯基锂和 2 ,4,6—三甲氧基苯基锂也能与 γ—丁酸内酯反应分别生成 γ—羟丙基— (2 ,4—二甲氧基苯基 )酮和 γ—羟丙基— (2 ,4,6—三甲氧基苯基 )酮。没有发现三级醇生成     

3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯的合成与表征

以水合肼为还原剂,FeCl3.6H2O/AC(活性炭)为催化剂,采用催化氢转移还原法制备了3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯.研究了水合肼用量、催化剂用量及反应时间等因素对收率的影响,并用FTIR、1H,NMR、DSC法对3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯进行了表征.3,5–二硝基三氟甲苯为11.8,g,质量分数为80%的水合肼为20,mL,催化剂FeCl3.6H2O/AC的组成比为0.06,g/2,g,滴加时间60,min,回流时间30,min时,3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯收率可达83.1%.     

三氯化铝催化合物2—氯—2′，4′—二氟苯乙酮

以无水三氯化铝作催化剂，间二氟苯与氯乙酰氯反应合成2－氯－2′，4′－二氟苯乙酮。通过正交设计对其合成条件进行探讨，筛选出最佳合成条件。反应收率明显提高，可达90％以上。     

取代苯基吡唑类化合物合成及其除草活性

以1′—(4—氯—2—氟—5—甲氧基苯基)—4′，4′，4′—三氟—1，3—丁二酮为原料，通过闭环、甲基化、溴化、脱甲基、烷基化反应，合成了一系列具有取代苯基吡唑结构的新化合物。化合物结构经过^1HNMR、IR、CIMS和元素分析确认。初步生物活性测试表明，所合成的化合物对多种杂草具有除草活性，其中，吡唑环4位为溴取代的化合物的活性明显比吡唑环4位为氢的化合物的活性高。     

山黧豆中α—及β—草酰二氨基丙酸相对含量的电泳测定及分离

本文用电泳扫描法对国内一些山黧豆样品中α—及β—草酰二氟基丙酸的相对含量进行了测定井改进了二者的分离方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to